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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (09) : 852 -858. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.09.005

妇产科超声影像学

产前超声在胎儿22q11.2 微缺失综合征中的应用价值
杨忠1, 时敬业2, 邓学东1,(), 姜纬1, 殷林亮1, 潘琦1, 梁泓1, 马建芳1, 王珍奇1, 张俊1, 董姗姗1   
  1. 1. 215000 江苏苏州,南京医科大学附属苏州医院超声科
    2. 215000 江苏苏州,南京医科大学附属苏州医院生殖中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-12 出版日期:2024-09-09
  • 通信作者: 邓学东

Diagnostic value of prenatal ultrasound in fetal 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome

Zhong Yang1, Jingye Shi2, Xuedong Deng1,(), Wei Jiang1, Linliang Yin1, Qi Pan1, Hong Liang1, Jianfang Ma1, Zhenqi Wang1, Jun Zhang1, Shanshan Dong1   

  1. 1. Center for Medical Ultrasound
    2. Reproductive Center,Suzhou Hospital Affliated to Nanjing Medical University,Suzhou 215002,China
  • Received:2023-12-12 Published:2024-09-09
  • Corresponding author: Xuedong Deng
引用本文:

杨忠, 时敬业, 邓学东, 姜纬, 殷林亮, 潘琦, 梁泓, 马建芳, 王珍奇, 张俊, 董姗姗. 产前超声在胎儿22q11.2 微缺失综合征中的应用价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(09): 852-858.

Zhong Yang, Jingye Shi, Xuedong Deng, Wei Jiang, Linliang Yin, Qi Pan, Hong Liang, Jianfang Ma, Zhenqi Wang, Jun Zhang, Shanshan Dong. Diagnostic value of prenatal ultrasound in fetal 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2024, 21(09): 852-858.

目的

分析22q11.2 微缺失综合征(22q11.2DS)胎儿超声征象及特点,探讨产前超声在22q11.2DS 中的提示性诊断价值。

方法

回顾性分析2019 年6 月1 日至2022 年5 月31 日南京医科大学附属苏州医院优生优育中心实验室通过染色体微阵列(芯片)分析确诊的12 例22q11.2DS 胎儿的一般情况、产前指征及超声征象和特点。

结果

12 例22q11.2DS 胎儿中男性9 例,女性3 例。单纯心脏畸形5 例(41.6%),合并心外畸形3 例(25.0%),总计8 例(66.7%)。从超声征象来看室间隔缺损5 例占41.7%,其次肺动脉狭窄和心轴左偏分别是4 例(33.3%)、3 例(25.0%)。但从心脏复合畸形角度看,圆锥动脉干畸形占7 例(58.3%),其中法洛四联症2 例,室间隔缺损型肺动脉闭锁2 例,室间隔缺损合并肺动脉狭窄2 例,右心室双出口1 例。右位主动脉弓合并左锁骨下动脉迷走2例,主动脉弓离断1 例。在心外畸形中最常见的是胸腺发育不良3 例(25.0%),其中2 例合并心脏畸形,1 例为单纯性胸腺发育不良。泌尿系畸形中1 例为多囊肾同时合并长骨发育偏短。

结论

先天性心脏病尤其圆锥动脉干畸形及心轴异常、胸腺发育不良、骨骼、泌尿系畸形都是22q11.2DS 的广泛畸形谱的表现,产前超声是其有效检查手段。

Objective

To retrospectively analyze the prenatal ultrasound signs and characteristics of 12 cases of fetal 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), and to assess the diagnostic value of prenatal ultrasound in detecting this condition.

Methods

This is a retrospective study in which the ultrasonic signs and characteristics of 12 cases of 22q11.2DS fetuses diagnosed by chromosome microarray analysis at the Center for Eugenics and Childbirth of Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, as well as the general clinical situation of pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis indications.

Results

Among the 12 22q11.2DS fetuses, 9 were male and 3 were female. Five fetuses had isolated cardiac malformation (41.6%), and 3 were complicated with extracardiac malformation (25.0%); thus, there were a total of 8 (66.7%) cases of congenital heart disease (CHD).According to the ultrasonic signs, 5 cases (41.7%) were ventricular septal defect, 4 (33.3%) were pulmonary artery stenosis, and 3 (25.0%) were left cardiac axis deviation. However, from the perspective of heart complex malformation, there were 7 (58.3%) cases of truncus conus malformation, 2 cases of tetrad Fallot,2 cases of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, 2 cases of ventricular septal defect combined with pulmonary stenosis, and 1 case of right ventricular double outlet. There were 2 cases of right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery and 1 case of interrupter aortic arch. The most common extracardiac malformation was thymic dysplasia (n=3, 25.0%), of which 2 cases were combined with cardiac malformation and 1 was isolated thymic dysplasia. One case of urinary malformation was multicystic dysplastic kidney with short long bone development.

Conclusion

CHD and especially conotruncal anomalies, axial abnormality,thymic dysplasia, and skeletal and urinary system malformation are manifestations of 22q11.2DS, and prenatal ultrasound is an effective examination method for 22q11.2DS.

图1 法洛四联症胎儿超声声像图。图a:胎儿心脏左心室流出道切面可见室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨(箭头);图b:三血管左右肺动脉分叉切面见左右肺动脉明显变;图c:彩色多普勒超声可见右锁骨下动脉由降主动脉发出(箭头) 注:SVC 为上腔静脉,T 为气管,LV 为左心室,RV 为右心室,AO 为主动脉,PA 为肺动脉,LPA 为左肺动脉,RPA 为右肺动脉,DAO 为降主动脉,ARSA 为迷走右锁骨下动脉
表1 22q11.2 微缺失综合征病例资料统计表
序号 孕周(周) 临床指征 胎儿性别 遗传学检测结果 异常区带 超声表现 结局
1 24+6 超声异常 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在3.169Mb的DNA片段缺失。ClinGen数据库提示该片段包含22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-D)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672),具有明确单倍剂量致病效应(Haploinsuきciencyscore:3) arr[hg19]22q11.21(18,631,364-21,800,471)x1 心轴左偏、膜周部室间隔缺损,肺动脉轻度狭窄,胸腺发育不良 终止妊娠
2 20 父母一方染色体异常携带 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在3.152Mb的片段缺失,涉及46个OMIM基因。Clingen数据库提示该缺失包含22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-D)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672),具有明确单倍剂量致病效应(Haploinsufficiencyscore:3),且>90%的缺失为新发变异 arr[hg19]22q11.21(18,648,855-21,800,471)x1 室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨、肺动脉狭窄、永存左上腔 终止妊娠
3 21+2 产前筛查高风险超声异常 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在3.152Mb的片段缺失。ClinGen数据库提示该片段包含22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-D)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672)(Haploinsufficiencyscore:3),且>90%的缺失为新发变异 arr[hg19]22q11.21(18,648,855-21,800,471)x1 右心室双出口、室间隔缺损(主动脉瓣下型)、肺动脉狭窄瓣 终止妊娠
4 19 超声异常 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在3.152Mb的片段缺失。ClinGen数据库提示该片段覆盖22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-D)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672)(Haploinsufficiencyscore:3),且>90%的缺失为新发变异。 arr[hg19]22q11.21(18,648,855-21,800,471)x1 胸腺发育不良 终止妊娠
5 21 产前筛查高风险 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在3.152Mb的DNA片段重复,位于22q11微重复综合征致病区域,包含转录因子TBX1等重要基因。ClinGen数据库提示22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-D)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672)具有明确三倍剂量致病效应(Triplosensitivityscore:3) arr[hg19]22q11.21(18,648,855-21,800,471)x3 正常 正常分娩
6 19+6 NIPT异常 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在3.152Mb的DNA片段重复,位于22q11微重复综合征致病区域,包含转录因子TBX1等重要基因。ClinGen数据库提示22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-D)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672)具有明确三倍剂量致病效应(Triplosensitivityscore:3) arr[hg19]22q11.21(18,648,855-21,800,471)x3 正常 正常分娩
7 19+1 高龄/不良孕产史 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在1.084Mb的DNA片段缺失,涉及16个OMIM基因。ClinGen数据库提示该缺失包含22q11.2recurrentregion(central,B/C-D,chr22:20,731,986-21,465,672)(includesCRKL)区域 arr[hg19]22q11.21(20,716,876-21,800,471)x1 胎儿室间隔缺损,肺动脉轻度狭窄,主动脉骑跨,胸腺偏小 终止妊娠
8 20+4 NIPT异常/不良孕产史 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在1.084Mb的片段缺失。ClinGen数据库提示该缺失片段包含22q11.2recurrentregion(central,B/C-D)(includesCRKL)(chr22:20,731,986-21,465,672),鉴于临床表型多变、不完全外显、缺乏病例-对照数据,目前单倍剂量致病效应评分为2(Haploinsufficiencyscore:2) arr[hg19]22q11.21(20,716,876-21,800,471)x1 胎儿正常 正常分娩
9 19+2 NIPT异常 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在2.881Mb的片段缺失。ClinGen数据库提示该片段基本覆盖22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-D)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672)(Haploinsufficiencyscore:3),且>90%的缺失为新发变异 arr[hg19]22q11.21(18,919,477-21,800,471)x1 右位主动脉弓,左锁骨下动脉迷走,心轴左偏73度,局限性心包积液,动脉导管走行迂曲 终止妊娠
10 26+6 超声异常 胎儿染色体22q11.21存在2.888Mb的片段缺失,含有42个OMIM基因,包含22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-D)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672)关键区域,Clingen提示单倍剂量致病明确 arr[hg19]22q11.21chr22:18,912,231-21,465,672) 胎儿室间隔缺,主动脉发育不良,主动脉弓离断(B型) 终止妊娠
11 26+4 遗传 胎儿染色体22q11.21区域存在1.07Mb的DNA片段缺失,涉及14个OMIM基因。ClinGen数据库提示该缺失包含22q11.2recurrentregion(central,B/C-D,chr22:20,731,986-21,465,672)(includesCRKL)区域 arr[hg19]22q11.21(20,730,143-21,800,471)x1 胎儿左肾多囊肾、胎儿右肾盆腔肾、右下肢偏短 终止妊娠
12 22+6 超声异常 胎儿染色体22q11.21存在1.664Mb的片段缺失,涉及29个OMIM基因。Clingen数据库提示该片段缺失包含22q11.2recurrent(DGS/VCFS)region(proximal,A-B)(includesTBX1)(chr22:18,912,231-20,287,208),具有明确单倍剂量致病效应(Haploinsufficiencyscore:3)。 arr[hg19]22q11.21(18,648,855-20,312,661)x1 室间隔缺损型肺动脉闭锁、右位主动脉弓、心轴左偏 终止妊娠
图2 22染色异常(蓝色框)可见大于2.5 Mb 的缺失(红色矩形)
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