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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (05) : 500 -504. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.05.008

泌尿生殖系统超声影像学

小肾肿瘤超声漏诊原因分析新思路
张妍1, 原韶玲2,(), 史泽洪3, 郭馨阳1, 牛菁华1   
  1. 1. 030001 太原,山西医科大学医学影像学院;030013 太原,山西省肿瘤医院 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院山西医院 山西医科大学附属肿瘤医院超声科
    2. 030013 太原,山西省肿瘤医院 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院山西医院 山西医科大学附属肿瘤医院超声科
    3. 030012 太原,山西省中医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-06 出版日期:2024-05-01
  • 通信作者: 原韶玲

Causes of missed diagnosis of small renal masses by ultrasound

Yan Zhang1, Shaoling Yuan2,(), Zehong Shi3, Xinyang Guo1, Jinghua Niu1   

  1. 1. Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
    2. Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
    3. Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
  • Received:2023-10-06 Published:2024-05-01
  • Corresponding author: Shaoling Yuan
引用本文:

张妍, 原韶玲, 史泽洪, 郭馨阳, 牛菁华. 小肾肿瘤超声漏诊原因分析新思路[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(05): 500-504.

Yan Zhang, Shaoling Yuan, Zehong Shi, Xinyang Guo, Jinghua Niu. Causes of missed diagnosis of small renal masses by ultrasound[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2024, 21(05): 500-504.

目的

探讨超声诊断小肾肿瘤(SRM)的漏诊原因。

方法

回顾2013年1月至2022年9月于山西省肿瘤医院泌尿外科行手术治疗且病历资料完整的SRM患者917例,以CT/MRI为病灶检出“金标准”,超声漏诊SRM 25例(漏诊组),按1∶2比例选取同期超声检出SRM 50例作为对照组(检出组),收集2组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)等临床资料和CT/MRI检查资料,包括病灶大小、侧别、极性、位置、生长模式等;总结病灶超声表现及病理类型。采用曼-惠特尼U检验比较2组病灶大小的差异;采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法比较2组临床资料和影像学特征的差异。

结果

本研究SRM超声漏诊率为2.7%(25/917)。漏诊组较检出组患者体型肥胖(44.0% vs 18.0%),病灶小[2.05(1.47,2.70)cm vs 2.90(2.27,3.52)cm],其中≤2.5 cm SRM占比高(73.1% vs 26.0%),位置深(位于背侧或内侧)(76.9% vs 52.0%),生长模式呈内生性占比高(26.9% vs 0),差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=6.171,P=0.046;Z=-3.793,P<0.001;χ2=9.412,P=0.002;χ2=4.447,P=0.035;χ2=13.946,P=0.001)。

结论

患者体型肥胖、病灶体积小尤其≤2.5 cm、位置较深以及内生性生长是超声漏诊SRM的主要原因,行肾超声检查时充分考虑病灶解剖学因素有助于减少漏诊。

Objective

To explore the causes of missed diagnosis of small renal masses (SRM) by ultrasound.

Methods

A total of 917 patients with SRM underwent resection at Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to September 2022 and had complete medical records, in which 25 cases of SRM missed by ultrasound (missed group) and 50 cases of SRM accurately detected by ultrasound (detection group) were included in this study. The differences in sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups were compared. Taking the anatomical position of lesions on CT imaging as the standard, the differences in nodule size, laterality, polarity, location, and growth pattern were compared between the two groups. The ultrasonic manifestations and pathological types of the lesions were summarized. The tumor size of the two groups, with a skewed distribution, was compared by the Mann-Whitney U test. The comparison of categorical variables between the two groups was performed using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test.

Results

The missed diagnosis rate of SRM by ultrasound was 2.7% (25/917). Compared with the non-missed group, patients of the missed group were more likely to be obese (44.0% vs 18.0%, Z=-3.793, P<0.001), had small-sized lesions [2.05 (1.47, 2.70) cm vs 2.90 (2.27, 3.52) cm, χ2=6.171, P=0.046], had a high proportion of ≤ 2.5 cm SRM (73.1% vs 26.0%, χ2=9.412, P=0.002), and lesions with deep location (dorsal or medial) (76.9% vs 52.0%, χ2=4.447, P=0.035), and had a high proportion of endophytic masses (26.9% vs 0, χ2=13.946, P=0.001).

Conclusion

Factors such as obesity, tumor size especially ≤ 2.5 cm, deep location, and endophytic growth pattern may interfere with US examination, thus leading to missed diagnosis. When performing renal ultrasound examination, anatomical factors of the lesion should be fully considered to reduce missed diagnosis.

表1 2组小肾肿瘤患者一般临床资料比较
表2 超声漏诊组与检出组小肾肿瘤病灶解剖学表现比较
图1 超声漏诊小肾肿瘤CT图。图a、b:最大径约1.6 cm右肾肿瘤。图a为横断面,病灶位于腹侧外侧,完全内生性,图b为冠状面,病灶位于中部。图c、d:最大径约1.2 cm左肾肿瘤。图c为横断面,病灶位于背侧内侧,外凸率≥50%,图d为冠状面,病灶位于上极 注:白色箭头指向病灶,红色实线将肾划分为腹/背侧,红色虚线将肾划分为内/外侧,蓝色实线为上、下极线
表3 超声漏诊组与检出组小肾肿瘤病灶病理类型比较
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