本文结合北京大学第三医院男性生殖超声的实践经验及欧洲泌尿生殖放射学会最新指南，系统探讨了男性生殖超声的质量控制要点。男性生殖超声聚焦于男性不育症的诊断，需重点关注解剖结构异常及生精-输精通路病变，与常规阴囊超声（侧重肿瘤、炎症等）存在显著差异。文中详细阐述了男性生殖超声的检查规范，包括设备参数设置、探头选择（高频线阵探头为主）、标准化扫查方案（阴囊、阴茎及经直肠前列腺扫查），以及二维超声、彩色多普勒超声和频谱多普勒超声的留图要求（如睾丸体积测量、精索静脉曲张评估、勃起功能障碍试验等）。同时，提出了具体的图像与报告标准化建议，强调通过科学质量控制提升诊断准确性，满足生殖专科临床需求。本研究为优化男性生殖超声检查流程、减少漏诊误诊提供了实践指导，具有重要的临床参考价值。

This article systematically explores the key aspects of quality control in reproductive andrology ultrasound, integrating the clinical expertise of Peking University Third Hospital with the latest guidelines from the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group.Unlike routine scrotal ultrasound, which primarily evaluates tumors, inflammation, and other pathologies,reproductive andrology ultrasound focuses on diagnosing male infertility, with particular emphasis on anatomical abnormalities and disorders of spermatogenic and sperm transport pathways.This paper elaborates on standardized examination protocols, including equipment parameter settings, probe selection (primarily high-frequency linear array probes), and standardized scanning protocols for the scrotum, penis, and transrectal prostate.Requirements for image documentation using 2D, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler imaging are detailed, covering testicular volume measurement, varicocele assessment, and erectile dysfunction testing.Furthermore, the article proposes standardized image and reporting guidelines, emphasizing the enhancement of diagnostic accuracy through scientific quality control to meet clinical needs in reproductive medicine.This paper provides practical guidance for optimizing reproductive andrology ultrasound workflows and reducing missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses, and holds significant clinical reference value.