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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2018, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (05) : 321 -329. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2018.05.001

所属专题: 总编推荐 妇产科超声影像学 产前超声 文献 妇产科超声

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胎儿消化系统畸形的诊断思维方法
李胜利1,(), 廖伊梅1   
  1. 1. 518028 南方医科大学附属深圳市妇幼保健院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-20 出版日期:2018-05-01
  • 通信作者: 李胜利
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81771598); 深圳市科技计划项目(JSGG20160428154812749,JCYJ20170307091013214)

Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis thinking of fetal digestive system abnormality

Shengli Li1(), Yimei Liao1   

  • Received:2018-04-20 Published:2018-05-01
  • Corresponding author: Shengli Li
引用本文:

李胜利, 廖伊梅. 胎儿消化系统畸形的诊断思维方法[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2018, 15(05): 321-329.

Shengli Li, Yimei Liao. Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis thinking of fetal digestive system abnormality[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2018, 15(05): 321-329.

图1~4 食管闭锁胎儿产前超声声像图及解剖标本气管、食管前面观。孕妇,32岁,孕27周,产前超声检查上腹部横切面(图1)未见无回声胃泡结构,间隔1 h后再次观察胃泡仍未显示;经颈胸部背侧旁矢状切面扫查(图2),颈胸交界部可见两个无回声的管状结构,其中一个无回声管状结构其尾端呈一盲端(箭头所示),在胎儿吞咽时增大。采用14 MHz高频超声经胎儿标本颈胸部矢状切面扫查(图3),可清楚显示气管(T)后方的食管(E)尾侧呈一盲端(箭头所示);气管食管前面观(图4)显示食管上、下两段互不相通,各成盲端(箭头所示),下段食管有纤维条索与气管相连,但不通,无气管食管瘘
图5,6 十二指肠闭锁胎儿产前超声声像图及解剖标本腹侧观。孕妇,24岁,孕38周,胎儿染色体检查为21-三体综合征。图5胎儿上腹部横切表现为典型的"双泡征",位于胎儿左侧腹部的无回声区为胃(ST),右侧无回声区为近段扩张的十二指肠(D),两个无回声区在胃幽门部(PY)相通,幽门部狭小;图6胃、十二指肠腹侧观显示胃与十二指肠近段明显扩张(L为肝脏)
图7~10 空肠闭锁胎儿产前超声声像图及解剖标本腹侧观。孕妇,28岁,孕28周,产前超声检查上腹部横切面(图7)显示胃泡(ST)及十二指肠(DU)全程均明显扩张;继续向下追踪(图8,9),与十二指肠相连的空肠肠管显著扩张,扩张的肠管占据中下腹腔,最低点达盆底部,追踪至扩张肠管的最末端为一囊袋状盲端(箭头所示),肠的内壁可见肠皱襞回声;胃、十二指肠、空肠腹侧观(图10)显示空肠(JE)闭锁(箭头所示),两侧肠管均呈盲端,其间有一条纤维束带连续,闭锁端以上空肠、十二指肠及胃泡均明显扩张
图11,12 胎儿胎粪性腹膜炎(病理确诊)产前超声声像图。图11上腹部横切面显示肝(LIVER)、胃(ST)、脾(SP)周边散在分布的片状、点状强回声(箭头所示);图12腹部横切面示腹腔积液(AS),积液透声差,可见大量强回声点及强回声斑
表1 正常胎儿不同孕周胃大小测值(cm,±2)
表2 胎儿各孕周小肠及大肠肠管管腔显示率及正常肠管直径测值
表3 部分胎儿腹腔内囊性病变发生部位与类型
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