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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 212 -220. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2022.03.005

妇产科超声影像学

丑角样鱼鳞病的产前超声诊断及其特征分析
罗丹丹1, 文华轩1, 杨蝉华2, 陈明3, 唐瑶4, 樊川5, 郭加军5, 廖伊梅1, 秦越1, 梁美玲1, 曾晴1, 丁妍1, 李胜利1,()   
  1. 1. 518028 南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院超声科
    2. 363000 漳州市第三医院超声科
    3. 150076 哈尔滨市红十字中心医院
    4. 550004 贵阳,贵州医科大学附属医院产前诊断中心
    5. 552100 贵州毕节,贵州省织金县人民医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-02 出版日期:2022-03-01
  • 通信作者: 李胜利
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1002202); 国家自然科学基金(81771598); 深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20210324130812035)

Hariequin ichthyosis: prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and characteristics

Dandan Luo1, Huaxuan Wen1, Chanhua Yang2, Ming Chen3, Yao Tang4, Chuan Fan5, Jiajun Guo5, Yimei Liao1, Yue Qin1, Meiling Liang1, Qing Zeng1, Yan Ding1, Shengli Li1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518028, China
    2. Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Third Hospital, Zhangzhou 363000, China
    3. Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Red Cross Central Hospital, Harbin 150076, China
    4. Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
    5. Department of Ultrasound, The People's Hospital of Zhijin County, Bijie 552100, China
  • Received:2020-07-02 Published:2022-03-01
  • Corresponding author: Shengli Li
引用本文:

罗丹丹, 文华轩, 杨蝉华, 陈明, 唐瑶, 樊川, 郭加军, 廖伊梅, 秦越, 梁美玲, 曾晴, 丁妍, 李胜利. 丑角样鱼鳞病的产前超声诊断及其特征分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2022, 19(03): 212-220.

Dandan Luo, Huaxuan Wen, Chanhua Yang, Ming Chen, Yao Tang, Chuan Fan, Jiajun Guo, Yimei Liao, Yue Qin, Meiling Liang, Qing Zeng, Yan Ding, Shengli Li. Hariequin ichthyosis: prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2022, 19(03): 212-220.

目的

探讨丑角样鱼鳞病胎儿产前超声声像特征。

方法

结合基因检测结果和产后胎儿标本检查结果,对2004年1月至2020年8月在深圳市妇幼保健院、漳州市第三医院、哈尔滨市红十字中心医院、贵州医科大学附属医院和贵州省织金县人民医院诊断和会诊的5例丑角样鱼鳞病胎儿产前超声诊断作出验证,并汇总文献对鱼鳞病胎儿产前超声诊断和鉴别诊断要点进行总结分析。

结果

产前超声发现5例鱼鳞病胎儿均存在颜面部异常和肢体异常,主要表现为唇外翻和双手手指姿势固定呈握拳状(4例伴睑外翻和鼻扁平)。其他异常包括:3例皮肤增厚和(或)皲裂,2例羊水异常。5例胎儿中1例临床全外显子组检测结果提示在ABCA12基因上检出复合杂合变异。5例出生后均检出皮肤增厚发黄、断裂,眼睑外翻、唇外翻、小耳、鼻扁平、末端肢体固定等特征,证实产前超声诊断正确。

结论

产前超声是筛查和检出胎儿丑角样鱼鳞病的有效方法,颜面部异常和肢体异常是诊断丑角样鱼鳞病的重要声像特征。

Objective

To analyze the prenatal ultrasound characteristics of fetal harlequin ichthyosis (HI).

Methods

From January 2004 to August 2020, five fetuses were prenatally diagnosed with HI at Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhangzhou Third Hospital, Harbin Red Cross Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, and The People’ s Hospital of Zhijin County and were verified by genetic testing results and postpartum manifestations. The key points of prenatal ultrasound characteristics and differential diagnosis of HI were summarized and analyzed based on the literature.

Results

Both facial and limb abnormalities, including eclabium and clenched fist, were found by prenatal ultrasound in all five HI fetuses (ectropion and flat nose were observed in four fetuses), and other anomalies included chapped and thickened skin (3 cases), and abnormal amniotic fluid (2 cases). The result of whole-exon sequence analysis was available in one case, indicating mutation of the ABCA12 gene. All the postpartum fetuses presented with chapped and thickened yellow skin, eclabium, ectropion, flat nose, microtia, and fixed extremities, which confirmed the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis.

Conclusion

Prenatal screening and diagnosis of HI are possible based on the findings of sonographic examination. Facial and limb abnormalities are the most important characteristics.

图1,2 鱼鳞病胎儿眼睑外翻(图1)、唇外翻(图2)产前超声声像图。图1胎儿颜面部冠状切面声像图示双侧眼球前方向前突出的团状软组织低回声,双侧基本对称,并向羊膜腔突出(箭头示眼睑外翻);图2胎儿唇部冠状切面声像图示嘴唇增大,增厚,呈外翻状(黄箭头所示),可见舌外露(白箭头所示),动态观察未见嘴唇闭合,始终保持张口状。图a为病例2,图b为病例3
表1 5例丑角样鱼鳞病胎儿产前超声检查结果
表2 5例丑角样鱼鳞病胎儿产前超声检出不同类型异常的声像表现
图3 丑角样鱼鳞病胎儿颈部皮肤异常产前超声声像图。胎儿背部矢状切面显示颈部皮肤皲裂,皮肤高回声线连续中断(箭头所示)
图4 丑角样鱼鳞病引产胎儿大体标本图(例3、4)。图a~c引产胎儿标本外观图示全身皮肤紧致发亮,增厚,呈深黄色,头面部、胸部及肢体皮肤裂开,多处皮肤破损脱落;图b示胎儿大嘴,嘴唇厚且唇部黏膜外翻,无唇峰及人中,鼻部扁平,可见双鼻孔,眼睑部黏膜外翻,外耳小,耳廓不明显;图a,c示胎儿手呈握拳状,手指短,双足足趾跖屈,手指及足趾固定
表3 国内外文献报道的30例鱼鳞病胎儿产前超声异常声像表现[检出异常(%)]
文献(篇数) 发表年份(年) 颜面部异常 肢体异常 皮肤异常 其他异常
睑外翻 唇外翻或大嘴 持续张口状 前额扁平 鼻扁平 外耳异常 巨舌 小下颌 四肢固定活动受限 手握拳状或手指短 足姿势异常 足长短足趾短 皮肤脱落或中断 皮肤回声增强或增厚 皮肤水肿 羊水过多 羊水少 羊水回声增强或雪花征 FGR
8 1989 + + + +
9 1992 + + + + + + +
10 1995 + + +
11 1999 + + + + + + +
12 2002 + + + + + + +
12 2002 + + + + +
13 2003 + + + + + + + + + + +
14 2003 + + + + + + + + +
15 2004 + + + + + + + + +
15 2004 + + + + + +
15 2004 + + + + +
16 2006 + + +
17 2007 + + + + + + + +
18 2010 + + + + + + + + + + + +
19 2012 + + + + + + + +
20 2013 + + + + + + +
21 2015 + + + + + +
22 2016 + + + + + + +
23 2018 + + + + + + + + + +
4 2019 + + + + + + + + + + + +
6 2019 + + + + + + +
24 2011 + + + + + + + + + +
25 2012 + + + + + + +
26 2014 + + + + + + + +
27 2015 + + + + + + + + + + +
27 2015 + + + + + +
28 2017 + + + + + + + + +
29 2017 + + + +
30 2018 + + + +
31 2019 + + + + + + +
总计 23(76.7) 25(83.3) 24(80.0) 3(10.0) 22(73.3) 10(33.3) 2(6.7) 3(10.0)

13

(43.3)

18

(60.0)

8

(26.7)

18

(60.0)

8

(26.7)

6

(20.0)

8

(26.7)

10

(33.3)

2

(6.7)

10

(33.3)

6

(20.0)

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