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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (06) : 622 -630. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.06.009

浅表器官超声影像学

血清学指标联合常规超声及超声造影评分诊断原发性干燥综合征的临床价值
蒋佳纯, 王晓冰, 陈培荣, 许世豪()   
  1. 325000 温州医科大学附属第一医院超声影像科
    325000 温州医科大学附属第一医院风湿免疫科
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-30 出版日期:2023-06-01
  • 通信作者: 许世豪
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目面上项目(2021KY789)

Clinical value of serological indicators combined with conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound scoring in diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome

Jiachun Jiang, Xiaobing Wang, Peirong Chen, Shihao Xu()   

  1. Department of Ultrasound Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
    Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
  • Received:2022-09-30 Published:2023-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Shihao Xu
引用本文:

蒋佳纯, 王晓冰, 陈培荣, 许世豪. 血清学指标联合常规超声及超声造影评分诊断原发性干燥综合征的临床价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(06): 622-630.

Jiachun Jiang, Xiaobing Wang, Peirong Chen, Shihao Xu. Clinical value of serological indicators combined with conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound scoring in diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(06): 622-630.

目的

探讨血清学指标联合常规超声及超声造影评分在原发性干燥综合征(pSS)诊断中的临床价值。

方法

前瞻性选取2017年6月至2018年12月在温州医科大学附属第一医院就诊的161例可疑pSS患者为研究对象,记录患者基线资料,完善实验室检查、相关的诊断实验及唇腺病理检查。将入组的161例患者分为pSS组83例与非pSS组78例。对所有患者腮腺及颌下腺行涎腺超声检查(SGU)后按0~4分评分系统评分,并进行超声造影(CEUS)检查,获得造影参数。应用Logistic回归分析,对参数进行筛选,构建超声造影评分方程。将血清学指标联合超声总评分、超声造影评分、超声总评分及超声造影评分、唇腺病理分级分别构建4种pSS诊断模型,应用ROC曲线评估4种模型对pSS的诊断效能,应用 DeLong统计方法比较ROC曲线下面积(AUC),并计算敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及似然比。

结果

与非pSS组相比,pSS组超声总评分的中位数较高(8 vs 4,P<0.001),pSS组的颌下腺造影参数曲线梯度(Grad)的中位数(1.36 vs 1.94,P<0.001),时间-强度曲线下面积(Area)的中位数(876.49 vs 954.27,P=0.003),腺体峰值强度(PI)的中位数(-51.20 dB vs -49.20 dB,P=0.001),腺体强度差值(ID)的中位数(15.90 dB vs17.80 dB,P=0.003)均较小,pSS组颌下腺造影剂达峰时间(TTP)的中位数大于非pSS组(10.01 s vs 9.10 s,P=0.046)。构建超声造影评分方程为:y=7.760-1.534×颌下腺Grad。4种pSS诊断模型的ROC比较结果显示:血清联合超声总评分诊断pSS的AUC为0.860;血清联合超声造影评分的AUC为0.854;血清联合病理分级的AUC为0.941;血清联合超声造影评分及超声总评分的AUC为0.892。血清联合超声造影评分及超声总评分模型的诊断效能优于血清联合超声总评分模型及血清联合超声造影评分模型,差异存在统计学意义(P=0.024、0.015),而与血清联合病理分级模型相比,两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.066)。

结论

血清学指标联合常规超声及超声造影评分可以提高对pSS的诊断效能,且与血清学指标联合唇腺病理的诊断效能相当,其在一定程度上可避免过度的有创检查。

Objective

To evaluate the clinical value of serological indicators combined with conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound scoring in the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome syndrome (pSS).

Methods

A total of 161 suspected pSS patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 2017 to December 2018 were prospectively selected as the research subjects. Their baseline data were recorded, and relevant laboratory tests, diagnostic tests, and labial gland pathological examinations were performed. The enrolled patients were divided into either a pSS group (83 cases) or a non-pSS group (78 cases). The parotid gland and submaxillary gland of all patients were scored according to a 4-point scoring system after salivary gland ultrasonographic examination, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination was performed to obtain contrast parameters. Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen parameters and construct a contrast-enhanced ultrasound contrast scoring equation. Four pSS diagnostic models were constructed by combining serological indicators with total ultrasound score, contrast-enhanced ultrasound score, and labial gland pathological grade. The diagnostic efficacy of the four models for pSS was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of the models was compared by DeLong test, and their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were calculated.

Results

Compared with the non-pSS group, the median ultrasound total score was higher (8 vs 4, P<0.001), the median gradient of submandibular gland imaging parameters (Grad) (1.36 vs 1.94, P<0.001), the median area under the time intensity curve (Area) (876.49 vs 954.27, P=0.003), the median peak gland intensity (PI) (-51.20 dB vs -49.20 dB, P=0.001), and the median difference in gland intensity (ID) was smaller (15.90 dB vs 17.80 dB, P=0.003), and the median time to peak (TTP) of submandibular gland contrast agent was greater in the pSS group (10.01 s vs 9.10 s, P=0.046). A scoring equation for contrast-enhanced ultrasound was constructed as follows: y=7.760-1.534 × submandibular gland Grad. ROC curve analysis of four pSS diagnostic models showed that the AUROC of serological indicators combined with total ultrasound score for the diagnosis of pSS was 0.860; the AUROC of serological indicators combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound, score, serological indicators combined with pathological grade, and serological indicators combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound score and total ultrasound score was 0.854, 0.941, and 0.892, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of serological indicators combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound score and ultrasound total score was significantly superior to that of serological indicators combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound score or ultrasound total score (P=0.024 and 0.015, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in diagnostic efficacy between serological indicators combined with pathological grade and serological indicators combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound score and ultrasound score total score (P=0.066).

Conclusion

The combination of serological indicators, ultrasound score, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound score can improve the diagnostic efficacy for pSS, and its diagnostic efficacy is comparable to that of serological indicators combined with labial gland pathology. Such diagnostic model can avoid excessive invasive examination to a certain extent.

图1 腺体超声评分图像。图a为腺体超声评分0分(正常腺体,内部回声纤细、均匀,强度与甲状腺回声相似);图b为腺体超声评分1分(腺体轻度增大,回声轻度减低,分布欠均匀,可见少许线样高回声);图c为腺体超声评分2分(腺体与周边组织分界欠清晰,腺体内部回声不均匀较为显著,可见低回声或无回声区呈弥漫性分布,大部分低回声或无回声区的最大直径<2 mm);图d为腺体超声评分3分(低回声或无回声区扩大并相互融合,大部分低回声或无回声区最大直径>2 mm,线样高回声分布杂乱);图e为腺体超声评分4分(腺体一般缩小或正常,边缘不平整,内部回声与周围脂肪组织相似且分界模糊不清,内部回声杂乱呈结节样)
图2 腮腺超声造影时间-强度曲线。图a为非原发性干燥综合征患者曲线图;图b为原发性干燥综合征患者曲线图
图3 颌下腺超声造影时间-强度曲线图。图a为非原发性干燥综合征患者曲线图;图b为原发性干燥综合征患者曲线图
表1 非pSS组与pSS组临床基线资料组间比较
资料 非pSS组(n=78) pSS组(n=83) 统计值 P
性别[例(%)] χ2=9.10 0.003
62(79.49) 79(95.18)
16(20.51) 4(4.82)
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s)
47.87±14.11 47.96±11.95 t=0.05 0.964
身高(m,
x¯
±s)
1.63±0.07 1.59±0.05 t=4.45 <0.001
体重(kg,
x¯
±s)
60.53±8.54 55.04±7.76 t=4.27 <0.001
BMI(kg/m2
x¯
±s)
22.66±2.89 21.75±2.90 t=1.99 0.048
收缩压(mmHg,
x¯
±s)
118.51±17.84 118.40±19.52 t=0.04 0.969
舒张压(mmHg,
x¯
±s)
77.69±9.86 76.73±10.61 t=0.59 0.555
IgG[g/L,MP25P75)] 14.80(12.90,17.90) 17.40(13.50,21.30) Z=3.19 0.001
IgM[g/L,MP25P75)] 0.99(0.82,1.44) 1.26(0.96,1.71) Z=1.96 0.049
IgA[g/L,MP25P75)] 2.87(1.90,3.65) 2.90(2.25,3.91) Z=0.85 0.398
补体C3[g/L,MP25P75)] 1.02(0.85,1.26) 0.99(0.90,1.15) Z=0.55 0.586
补体C4[g/L,MP25P75)] 0.21(0.17,0.26) 0.19(0.16,0.26) Z=1.42 0.156
抗SSA抗体[例(%)] χ2=76.89 <0.001
阴性 68(87.18) 15(18.07)
阳性 10(12.82) 68(81.93)
抗SSB抗体[例(%)] χ2=24.45 <0.001
阴性 76(97.44) 56(67.47)
阳性 2(2.56) 27(32.53)
抗Ro52抗体[例(%)] χ2=28.50 <0.001
阴性 64(82.05) 34(40.96)
阳性 14(17.95) 49(59.04)
血清学指标[例(%)] χ2=71.03 <0.001
阴性 64(82.05) 13(15.66)
阳性 14(17.95) 70(84.34)
Chisholm分级[例(%)] Z=8.80 <0.001
0 6(7.69) 1(1.20)
1 40(51.28) 8(9.64)
2 26(33.33) 8(9.64)
3 6(7.69) 24(28.92)
4 0 42(50.60)
表2 非pSS组与pSS组超声影像学参数组间比较[MP25P75)]
表3 超声造影参数多因素Logistic回归分析
表4 血清学指标联合超声造影评分的Logistic回归分析
表5 血清学指标联合超声总评分的Logistic回归分析
表6 血清学指标联合唇腺病理分级的Logistic回归分析
表7 血清学指标联合超声总评分及超声造影评分的Logistic回归分析
表8 4种模型对pSS诊断效能的比较
图4 4种模型诊断原发性干燥综合征的ROC曲线图
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