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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2015, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (06) : 438 -445. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2015.06.006

所属专题: 文献

心血管超声影像学

经胸超声心动图冠状动脉血流成像技术评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者冠状动脉血流储备的价值
张玉萍1, 张莉1, 马春梅2,(), 肖晓刚1, 任华1, 崔美月1   
  1. 1. 100143 北京,中国航天科工集团公司七三一医院超声影像科
    2. 100039 北京,武警总医院健康医学中心
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-26 出版日期:2015-06-01
  • 通信作者: 马春梅
  • 基金资助:
    首都医学发展科研基金(2009-3220)

Assessment of coronary flow reserve using transthoracic echocardiography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Yuping Zhang1, Li Zhang1, Chunmei Ma2,(), Xiaogang Xiao1, Hua Ren1, Meiyue Cui1   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Aerospace 731 Hospital, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Beijing 100143, China
    2. Health Medical Center, the Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
  • Received:2014-10-26 Published:2015-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Chunmei Ma
  • About author:
    Corresponding authors: Ma Chunmei, Email:
引用本文:

张玉萍, 张莉, 马春梅, 肖晓刚, 任华, 崔美月. 经胸超声心动图冠状动脉血流成像技术评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者冠状动脉血流储备的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2015, 12(06): 438-445.

Yuping Zhang, Li Zhang, Chunmei Ma, Xiaogang Xiao, Hua Ren, Meiyue Cui. Assessment of coronary flow reserve using transthoracic echocardiography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2015, 12(06): 438-445.

目的

探讨经胸超声心动图冠状动脉血流成像技术评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSA)患者冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)的价值。

方法

选择2010年3月至2013年12月航天七三一医院收治的OSA患者50例。其中5≤呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)<20,18例;20≤AHI<40,16例;AHI≥40,16例。采用经胸超声心动图冠状动脉血流成像技术检测静息状态下冠状动脉左前降支远端舒张期最大峰值血流速度(PDV)、舒张期平均血流速度(MDV)及注射三磷酸腺苷(ATP)后PDV、MDV及CFR。选择40名健康体检者作为健康对照组。采用t检验比较OSA患者与健康对照组PDV、MDV、CFR差异;采用单因素方差分析比较不同AHI的OSA患者PDV、MDV、CFR差异,进一步组间两两比较采用SNK-q检验;采用t检验比较OSA患者、健康对照组、不同AHI的OSA患者静息状态下与ATP负荷状态下PDV、MDV差异。

结果

静息状态下,全部受检者均获得满意的冠状动脉左前降支远端血流及多普勒频谱。静脉注射ATP后,健康对照组PDV、MDV分别为(92.78 ± 7.68)、(85.93 ± 6.98)cm/s,高于静息状态下的(28.09 ± 4.55)、(21.76 ± 5.09)cm/s,且差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为49.687、58.259,均P<0.001);静脉注射ATP后,OSA患者PDV、MDV分别为(82.73 ± 6.91)、(77.39 ± 6.73)cm/s,高于静息状态下的(29.93 ± 3.66)、(22.28 ± 4.15)cm/s,且差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为55.381、47.700,均P<0.001)。静息状态下,OSA患者与健康对照组PDV、MDV差异均无统计学意义;静脉注射ATP后,OSA患者PDV、MDV均高于健康对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.524、5.884,均P<0.01)。静息状态下,不同AHI的OSA患者PDV、MDV差异均无统计学意义;静脉注射ATP后,不同AHI的OSA患者PDV、MDV均较静息状态下增加,且差异均有统计学意义(5≤AHI<20:t值分别为-32.903、-32.771,均P=0.000;20≤AHI<40:t值分别为-37.122、-32.623,均P=0.000;AHI≥40:t值分别为-28.197、-20.184,均P=0.000);且AHI≥40的OSA患者PDV、MDV均小于5≤AHI<20、20≤AHI<40的OSA患者,且差异均有统计学意义(PDV:q值分别为21.048、15.667,均P<0.05;MDV:q值分别为12.958、18.182,均P<0.05),但5≤AHI<20的OSA患者与20≤AHI<40的OSA患者PDV、MDV差异均无统计学意义。OSA患者CFRmax、CFRmean均较健康对照组降低,且差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.310、6.430,均P=0.000)。不同AHI的OSA患者CFRmax、CFRmean差异均有统计学意义,而且随着疾病程度加重呈递减趋势;且5≤AHI<20的OSA患者CFRmax、CFRmean均大于20≤AHI<40、AHI≥40的OSA患者,且差异均有统计学意义(CFRmax:q值分别为2.889、4.142,均P<0.05;CFRmean:q值分别为3.080、4.204,均P<0.05),但20≤AHI<40的OSA患者与AHI≥40的OSA患者CFRmax、CFRmean差异均无统计学意义。

结论

经胸超声心动图冠状动脉血流成像技术结合ATP能够无创性评价OSA患者CRF的变化,能较为敏感地检测到冠状动脉早期病变及冠状动脉微循环功能异常,可用于患者的长期追踪随访以及药物或手术疗效的判断,具有较高的临床实用价值。

Objective

To estimate the value of transthoracic coronary flow Doppler imaging to detect coronary flow reserve (CFR) changes in patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA).

Methods

Fifty patients with OSA who hospitalized or were outpatient in Aerospace 731 Hospital during the period of 2010 March to 2013 December were enrolled in this study and were divided into three groups according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI). Eighteen cases of patients which AHI was greater than 5 and less than 20 were defined as mild group, 16 cases of patients which AHI was more than 20 and less than 40 were defined as middle group, 16 cases of patients which AHI was greater than 40 were defined as severe group. The diastolic peak velocity (PDV) and mean flow velocity (MDV) of the distance segment of left anterior descending coronary (LAD) were measured by transthoracic echocardiography at rest and after intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Meanwhile, CFR was calculated. Forty healthy persons were chosen as control group. The t test was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV and CFR between OSA group and healthy controls. The single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV and CFR in patients with different AHI. SNK - q test was used to compare in different OSA groups. The t test was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV among OSA group, healthy control and OSA groups with different AHI at rest and after intravenous infusion of ATP.

Results

Coronary flow velocity Doppler signals were successfully obtained in all the groups. PDV [(92.78±7.68) cm/s] and MDV [(85.93±6.98) cm/s] after intravenous infusion of ATP in control group were significant higher than those at rest [(28.09±4.55) cm/s and (21.76±5.09) cm/s] (t=49.687 and 58.259, both P<0.001). PDV [(82.73±6.91)] cm/s) and MDV [(77.39±6.73) cm/s] after intravenous infusion of ATP in OSA group were significant higher than those at rest [(29.93±3.66) cm/s and (22.28±4.15) cm/s] (t=55.381 and 47.700, both P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between PDV and MDV at rest in OSA group and control group. The difference of PDV and MDV between OSA group and normal group was statistically significant after intravenous infusion of ATP (t=6.524 and 5.884, both P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between OSA groups with different AHI at rest. There were statistically significant difference between OSA groups with different AHI after intravenous infusion of ATP (5≤AHI<20: t=-32.903 and -32.771, both P=0.000; 20≤AHI<40: t=-37.122 and -32.623, both P=0.000; AHI≥40: t=-28.197 and -20.184, both P=0.000). PDV and MDV of patients with AHI≥40 were less than those of patients with 5≤AHI <20 and 20≤AHI<40 and the differences were statistically significant (PDV: q=21.048 and 15.667, both P<0.05; MDV: q=12.958 and 18.182, both P<0.05). However, the differences of PDV and MDV was not statistically significant between patients with 5≤AHI<20 and patients with 20≤AHI<40.The CFRmax and CFRmean in OSA group were lower than those in control group (t=5.310 and 6.430, both P=0.000). There were statistically significant difference for CFRmax and CFRmean in patients with different AHI and the difference decreased with severity of OSA increased. The CFRmax and CFRmean in patients with 5≤AHI<20 were higher than those in patients with 20≤AHI<40 and AHI≥40 (CFRmax: q=2.889 and 4.142, both P<0.05; CFRmean: q=3.080 and 4.204, both P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference for CFRmax and CFRmean between patients with 20≤AHI<40 and patients with AHI≥40.

Conclusions

In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, transthoracic coronary flow imaging combined with intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate shows impaired in CFR. It means the patients with OSA have a coronary artery microcirculation impairment in early stage. Assessing CFR in the patients with OSA is of important clinical value for the evaluation of treatment effective of medicine and surgery and follow-up.

表1 OSA患者与健康对照组一般临床资料比较
表2 不同AHI的OSA患者一般临床资料比较(±s
图4~6 经胸超声心动图显示心尖部静息及负荷状态下阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者左冠状动脉前降支心尖段舒张期多普勒频谱。图4为静息状态下,峰值血流速度及平均血流速度分别为24.05、19.04 cm/s;图5为微量泵注入三磷酸腺苷后3 min,峰值血流速度及平均血流速度分别为68.80、54.43 cm/s;图6为微量泵注入三磷酸腺苷后6 min,峰值血流速度及平均血流速度逐渐恢复至用药前水平,分别为23.36、19.87 cm/s
表3 OSA患者与健康对照组冠状动脉血流速度比较(±s
表4 不同AHI的OSA患者冠状动脉血流速度比较(cm/s,±s
表5 OSA患者与健康对照组CFR比较(±s
表6 不同AHI的OSA患者CFR比较(±s
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