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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2019, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (01) : 54 -60. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2019.01.013

所属专题: 文献

妇产科超声影像学

经会阴三维超声断层成像评估盆腔器官脱垂患者肛提肌损伤的康复疗效
刘丽1, 刘静华1, 蒋莹1, 郑洪平1, 林李梅1, 宋金爽1, 徐烨1   
  1. 1. 518172 深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院超声一科
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-03 出版日期:2019-01-01
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市龙岗区科技发展资金项目(YLWS20150515112804137)

Evaluating the effects of levator ani muscle injury with pelvic organ prolapsed rehabilitation efficacy by transperineal three-dimensional tomographic ultrasonography imaging

Li Liu1, Jinghua Liu1, Ying Jiang1, Hongping Zheng1, Limei Lin1, Jinshuang Song1, Ye Xu1   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Maternity and Child health Care Hospital of Longgang District in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
  • Received:2017-09-03 Published:2019-01-01
引用本文:

刘丽, 刘静华, 蒋莹, 郑洪平, 林李梅, 宋金爽, 徐烨. 经会阴三维超声断层成像评估盆腔器官脱垂患者肛提肌损伤的康复疗效[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2019, 16(01): 54-60.

Li Liu, Jinghua Liu, Ying Jiang, Hongping Zheng, Limei Lin, Jinshuang Song, Ye Xu. Evaluating the effects of levator ani muscle injury with pelvic organ prolapsed rehabilitation efficacy by transperineal three-dimensional tomographic ultrasonography imaging[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2019, 16(01): 54-60.

目的

使用经会阴三维超声断层成像(TUI)测量产后盆腔器官脱垂(POP)患者肛提肌裂孔各超声参数,评估盆腔器官脱垂患者肛提肌损伤的康复疗效。

方法

选取2016年3月至2016年10月深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院收治的阴道分娩后POP患者86例。根据患者是否进行盆底康复治疗的意愿,将患者分成康复治疗组和功能锻炼组,各43例。康复治疗前用TUI方法判断POP患者是否存在肛提肌损伤,再将康复治疗组和功能锻炼组各分为肛提肌未损伤组和肛提肌损伤组2个亚组(R0、R1和F0、F1)。产后第8周起,康复治疗组患者开始进行为期8周的盆底电刺激及家庭阴道哑铃锻炼的康复治疗,功能锻炼组患者在家自行做凯格尔盆底功能锻炼8周。分别于产后6~8周(康复治疗前)和产后18周(康复治疗后)在静息、瓦氏、缩肛状态下,对86例患者进行经会阴三维超声检查。并对肛提肌裂孔的面积、左右径、前后径测量值进行统计学分析。

结果

TUI成像显示,康复治疗前有35例POP患者并发肛提肌损伤,康复治疗组和功能锻炼组肛提肌损伤发生率比较(41.9% vs 39.5%),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.048,P=0.826)。康复治疗前肛提肌损伤组(R1、F1亚组)与肛提肌未损伤组(R0、F0亚组)之间盆腔器官脱垂定量(POP-Q)分度,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。康复治疗后,康复治疗组及R1、R0亚组的POP改善率,显著高于功能锻炼组及F1、F0亚组,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=15.480、7.441、8.632,P均<0.01)。R1亚组在静息、最大瓦氏状态下肛提肌裂孔的面积,最大瓦氏状态下前后径以及最大缩肛状态下肛提肌裂孔的面积、左右径、前后径均小于F1亚组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-3.285、-3.423、-2.328、-3.706、-2.221、-3.810,P均<0.05);R0亚组在静息状态下肛提肌裂孔的面积、前后径以及最大瓦氏、最大缩肛状态下肛提肌裂孔的面积、左右径、前后径均小于F0亚组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-3.656、-2.464、-3.886、-2.710、-4.079、-6.769、-4.985、-5.495,P均<0.05)。

结论

肛提肌损伤与女性产后早期POP-Q分度无明显相关性,康复治疗可以促进肛提肌损伤及未损伤患者肛提肌裂孔的恢复,更好地改善产后女性POP患者的盆腔器官脱垂情况。TUI可为其康复疗效的评估提供客观、准确、定量的参考依据。

Objective

To evaluate the rehabilitation efficacy on levator ani muscle(LAM) injury with the measurements of ultrasonic parameters of the hiatus of LAM by transperineal three dimensional ultrasound tomography (TUI) in patients with postpartum POP.

Methods

From March 2016 to October 2016, 86 patients with POP after vaginal delivery in Maternity and Child health Care Hospital of Longgang District were collected. Patients were divided into rehabilitation group (R) and functional exercise group (F) according to their preference on pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment (43 cases in each group). TUI method was used to determine the presence of LAM injury, and then all patients were divided into two subgroups: the non-injury group and the injury group (R0, R1 and F0, F1). After eighth weeks postpartum, the patients in group R began to undergo 8 weeks of pelvic floor electrical stimulation and family vaginal dumbbell exercise. The patients in group F underwent the pelvic floor exercise for 8 weeks at home. Patients were examined by transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound under the state of resting, valsalva, and contraction after 6~8 weeks postpartum (before treatment) and 18 weeks postpartum (after treatment) respectively.

Results

TUI imaging showed that 35 cases were complicated with LAM injury. There was no significant difference in the incidence of LAM injury between the group R and group F (41.9% vs 39.5%, χ2=0.048, P=0.826). There was no significant difference (all P>0.05) in the POP-Q degree between the injury group (R1, F1) and the non-injury group (R0, F0) on 6-8 weeks postpartum (before treatment). The improvement rates of POP in group R, R0, R1 were significantly higher than that in group F, F0, F1 (χ2=15.480, 7.441, 8.632; all P<0.01). After treatment, the levator hiatal area under the states of resting and valsalva; the anteroposterior diameter under the states of valsalva; and the levator hiatal area, left-right diameter, anteroposterior diameter under the state of contraction in subgroup R1 were less than those in subgroup F1 (t=-3.285, -3.423, -2.328, -3.706, -2.221 -3.810; all P<0.05). The levator hiatal area, anteroposterior diameter of the hiatus muscle under the state of resting; the levator hiatal area, left-right diameter, anteroposterior diameter under the states of valsalva and contraction in subgroup R0 were less than those in subgroup F0, the differences were statistically significant (t=-3.656, -2.464, -3.886, -2.710, -4.079, -6.769, -4.985, -5.495; all P<0.05).

Conclusions

There was no significant correlation between the LAM injury and the degree of POP-Q in early stage postpartum. Rehabilitation therapy can promote the recovery of hiatus in the patients with or without LAM injury, and then improve the situation of pelvic organ prolapse in postpartum. TUI can be used to provide an objective, accurate, quantitative reference basis for its assessment of rehabilitation efficacy.

图1 肛提肌和肛提肌裂孔超声声像图及盆底三维重建图。图a为盆底正中矢状切面;图b为盆底冠状切面;图c为盆底轴平面;图d为盆底三维重建图像
图2 正常女性盆底经会阴三维超声断层成像图像。肛提肌损伤的诊断采用经会阴三维超声断层成像方法,在肛提肌最小裂孔平面上调节层间距,层间距为2.5 mm,并以此为基准平面,在肛提肌最小裂孔平面上方5 mm至下方12.5 mm的范围内获取8幅连续断层图像。图a为肛提肌最小裂孔冠状面;图b,c分别为肛提肌最小裂孔平面上方5 mm、2.5 mm图像;图d为肛提肌最小裂孔平面图像;图e~i分别为肛提肌最小裂孔平面下方2.5 mm、5 mm、7.5 mm、10 mm、12.5 mm图像
图3 肛提肌完全损伤经会阴三维超声断层成像图像。图a~c为经会阴三维超声断层成像获取的连续断层图像中有3幅连续层面图像存在肌纤维回声连续性中断(白色箭头所示),提示右侧肛提肌完全损伤;图d~e为经会阴三维超声断层成像下获取的连续断层图像中有3幅连续层面图像存在肌纤维回声连续性中断(白色箭头所示),提示双侧肛提肌完全损伤
表1 产后6~8周康复治疗组与功能锻炼组各亚组间POP-Q分度比较[例(%)]
表2 86例患者康复治疗后POP改善情况比较[例(%)]
表3 86例POP患者康复治疗后不同状态下肛提肌裂孔各超声参数比较(±s
组别 例数 静息状态下 最大瓦氏状态下
面积(cm2 左右径(cm) 前后径(cm) 面积(cm2
康复治疗组 43 ? ? ? ?
? R1亚组 18 14.87±1.44 4.44±0.28 5.33±0.56 24.43±3.19
? R0亚组 25 14.43±0.97 4.28±0.34 5.22±0.39 24.01±4.73
功能锻炼组 43 ? ? ? ?
? F1亚组 17 16.63±1.72 4.54±0.31 5.55±0.56 29.10±3.57
? F0亚组 26 15.74±1.52 4.40±0.28 5.54±0.54 29.38±5.11
? ta,b,c,d ? -3.285a,-3.656b,1.205c,1.782d -1.025a,-1.440b,1.622c,1.491d -1.169a,-2.464b,0.759c,0.035d -3.423a,-3.886b,0.326c,-0.192d
? Pa,b,c,d ? 0.002a,0.001b,0.235c,0.082d 0.313a,0.156b,0.112c,0.143d 0.251a,0.017b,0.452c,0.972d 0.002a,0.000b,0.746c,0.849d
组别 例数 最大瓦氏状态下 最大缩肛状态下
左右径(cm) 前后径(cm) 面积(cm2 左右径(cm) 前后径(cm)
康复治疗组 43 ? ? ? ? ?
? R1亚组 18 5.29±0.47 6.48±0.56 11.83±1.68 4.12±0.34 4.29±0.43
? R0亚组 25 5.06±0.52 6.34±0.56 10.07±1.27 3.55±0.27 3.84±0.31
功能锻炼组 43 ? ? ? ? ?
? F1亚组 17 5.58±0.45 6.97±0.69 13.62±1.08 4.38±0.34 4.60±0.37
? F0亚组 26 5.49±0.62 7.11±0.77 12.24±1.01 3.88±0.20 4.31±0.30
? ta,b,c,d ? -1.895a,-2.710b,1.499c,0.539d -2.328a,-4.079b,0.828c,-0.586d -3.706a,-6.769b,3.913c,4.272d -2.221a,-4.985b,6.135c,5.926d -3.810a,-5.495b,4.009c,2.811d
? Pa,b,c,d ? 0.067a,0.009b,0.142c,0.593d 0.026a,0.000b,0.412c,0.561d 0.001a,0.000b,0.000c,0.000d 0.033a,0.000b,0.000c,0.000d 0.001a,0.000b,0.000c,0.008d
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