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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (11) : 1139 -1144. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.11.006

妇产科超声影像学

早孕期胎儿腹壁缺损的超声诊断
张涛, 赵胜(), 杨小红, 包艳娟, 戢秀勤, 高艳多, 张晓燕   
  1. 430070 武汉,湖北省妇幼保健院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-19 出版日期:2023-11-01
  • 通信作者: 赵胜

Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal abdominal wall defects in the first trimester

Tao Zhang, Sheng Zhao(), Xiaohong Yang, Yanjuan Bao, Xiuqin Ji, Yanduo Gao, Xiaoyan Zhang   

  1. Department of Ultrasonography, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2022-10-19 Published:2023-11-01
  • Corresponding author: Sheng Zhao
引用本文:

张涛, 赵胜, 杨小红, 包艳娟, 戢秀勤, 高艳多, 张晓燕. 早孕期胎儿腹壁缺损的超声诊断[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(11): 1139-1144.

Tao Zhang, Sheng Zhao, Xiaohong Yang, Yanjuan Bao, Xiuqin Ji, Yanduo Gao, Xiaoyan Zhang. Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal abdominal wall defects in the first trimester[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(11): 1139-1144.

目的

探讨早孕期胎儿腹壁缺损的超声图像特征及临床诊断价值。

方法

收集2019年1月至2021年12月湖北省妇幼保健院早孕期产前超声诊断和引产后病理证实的胎儿腹壁缺损病例77例,对其超声声像图与生后病理检查进行对比分析。

结果

77例早孕期腹壁缺损胎儿中,脐膨出47例,超声表现为胎儿脐部见腹腔器官向外膨出,外有包膜覆盖,脐带附于包块的顶端;腹裂19例,超声表现为胎儿脐部见腹腔器官向外膨出,漂浮于羊水中,无包膜覆盖,腹壁缺损多位于脐部右侧;体蒂异常7例,超声主要特征为腹壁(或胸腹壁)缺损伴器官外翻、脊柱侧弯、肢体畸形、脐带短;羊膜带综合征3例,主要超声特征为羊水中可见漂浮的光带黏附于胎儿,并出现与光带相关的肢体、腹壁等截断畸形;泄殖腔畸形1例,超声主要特征是脐膨出、脊柱侧弯、膀胱显示不清。2例脐膨出漏诊。本组早孕期腹壁缺损超声诊断率为97.4%(75/77)。

结论

早孕期胎儿腹壁缺损超声声像图表现看似简单,均为向外膨出的包块,但腹壁缺损可能为包含多器官畸形的疾病,早孕期超声具有较高的诊断价值。

Objective

To investigate the ultrasound image characteristics and their clinical diagnostic value in fetal abdominal wall defects in early pregnancy.

Methods

A total of 77 cases of fetal abdominal wall defects diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and confirmed by postnatal pathological examination at Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected. A comparative analysis was conducted between the ultrasound images and postnatal pathological examination results.

Results

Among the 77 cases of fetal abdominal wall defects in early pregnancy included, 47 were diagnosed with omphalocele. Ultrasound revealed the protrusion of fetal abdominal organs from the umbilical region, covered by a membrane, with the umbilical cord attached to the top of the mass. There were 19 cases of gastroschisis, where ultrasound showed fetal abdominal organs in the amniotic fluid without a covering membrane, and the majority of abdominal wall defects were located on the right side of the umbilical region. Additionally, there were 7 cases of body stalk anomaly, characterized by abdominal (or thoracoabdominal) wall defects accompanied by major abdominal wall defect and mass, scoliosis, limb deformity, and short umbilical cord. Furthermore, 3 cases of amniotic band syndrome were identified, displaying a floating band adhering to the fetus in the amniotic fluid, with associated limb deformity and abdominal wall defect. One case of cloacal exstrophy was observed, showing omphalocele, scoliosis, and non-visualization of the bladder. Two cases of omphalocele were missed. The ultrasonic diagnostic rate of fetal abdominal wall defects in this group of patients was 97.4% (75/77).

Conclusion

The ultrasound images of fetal abdominal wall defects in the first trimester seem simple, appearing as abdominal wall defect and mass. However, these defects may involve multiple organ malformations. First trimester ultrasound has high diagnostic value in detecting these abnormalities.

表1 77例早孕期腹壁缺损病例的相关临床资料
图1 孕11+3周脐膨出胎儿超声图像及产后大体标本外观图。图a:超声扫查未见颅骨光环及正常脑组织;脊柱排列不整齐。长箭头示脐膨出包块,短箭头示露脑畸形。图b~d为引产后大体标本外观图,图b长箭头示露脑畸形,短箭头示脐膨出包块;图c箭头示脐膨出,脐膨出内容物有肝、肠管、部分心脏、左肺,图d箭头示脊柱裂
图2 腹裂胎儿超声图像及产后大体标本外观图。图a和图b为孕12+2周腹裂胎儿二维及三维超声表现,箭头示胎儿脐部可见肠管脱出,无包膜覆盖。图c和图d为孕17+6周复查时胎儿二维及三维超声图片,箭头示腹部膨出物较前明显增大。图e箭头示引产后大体标本见肠管自脐部右侧脱出
图3 孕12+6周体蒂异常胎儿超声图像及产后大体标本外观图。图a示脊柱侧弯及颈项透明层增厚(箭头所示),图b示胸腹壁缺损,内脏脱出(箭头所示),图c示引产后大体标本见心脏、胃肠管、左右肺叶、双侧肾上腺、右侧肾、脾脱出体外,肝缺如(箭头所示),图d示脐带短(箭头所示)
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