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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (11) : 1046 -1054. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.11.008

腹部超声影像学

2023年美国肝病研究学会肝细胞癌筛查指南的验证研究
卢瑞芳, 林欣欣, 王昱, 许芊芊, 吴少虹, 王伟, 陈立达, 程美清()   
  1. 510080 广州,中山大学附属第一医院超声医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2025-11-01
  • 通信作者: 程美清
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82572323,82371983,82402386); 广东省自然科学基金(2024A1515220047)

Validation of the 2023 AASLD guidance for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance

Ruifang Lu, Xinxin Lin, Yu Wang, Qianqian Xu, Shaohong Wu, Wei Wang, Lida Chen, Meiqing Cheng()   

  1. Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Published:2025-11-01
  • Corresponding author: Meiqing Cheng
引用本文:

卢瑞芳, 林欣欣, 王昱, 许芊芊, 吴少虹, 王伟, 陈立达, 程美清. 2023年美国肝病研究学会肝细胞癌筛查指南的验证研究[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(11): 1046-1054.

Ruifang Lu, Xinxin Lin, Yu Wang, Qianqian Xu, Shaohong Wu, Wei Wang, Lida Chen, Meiqing Cheng. Validation of the 2023 AASLD guidance for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(11): 1046-1054.

目的

验证2023年版美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)指南在肝细胞癌(HCC)高风险人群筛查中的有效性,并与超声(US)监测及US联合甲胎蛋白(AFP)监测进行比较,以评估其在临床实践中的应用价值。

方法

本研究前瞻性纳入2018年1月至2022年8月在中山大学附属第一医院接受HCC筛查的高风险人群,并对其进行回顾性分析,共计451例患者。所有患者均接受US联合AFP筛查。分别比较US监测、US联合AFP监测及AASLD 2023年版指南对HCC高风险人群的筛查效能,分析各种方法在HCC筛查中的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)和阴性预测值(NPV)。

结果

在451例患者中,共38例(38/451,8%)最终确诊为HCC。AASLD 2023年版指南在HCC检测中的AUC为0.87,敏感度达到95%,NPV为99%,显著高于US监测(AUC为0.72,P<0.001;敏感度为55%,P<0.001;NPV为96%,P=0.002)及US联合AFP监测(AUC=0.77,P=0.007;敏感度为68%,P=0.006;NPV为97%,P=0.014)。然而,AASLD 2023年版指南的特异度(80%)略低于US监测及US联合AFP监测(90%,P<0.001;86%,P=0.015),提示其在非HCC人群中可能存在过度召回的风险。

结论

尽管AASLD 2023年版指南在特异度上略有下降,其在HCC筛查中的敏感度和NPV显著优于US监测及US联合AFP监测,提示AASLD 2023年版指南的可视化评分与筛查策略具有潜在的临床推广价值,可为高风险人群的HCC早期发现和管理提供参考依据。但在实际使用中仍需权衡假阳性风险。

Objective

To validate the effectiveness of the 2023 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in high-risk populations, and to compare it with ultrasound (US) alone and US combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) monitoring, in order to assess their clinical utility.

Methods

This prospective study retrospectively included 451 high-risk individuals who underwent HCC surveillance at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2018 and August 2022. All patients underwent US combined with AFP screening. The performance of US alone, US combined with AFP, and the 2023 AASLD guidance for HCC surveillance was evaluated and compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results

Among the 451 participants, 38 (38/451, 8%) were confirmed as having HCC. The 2023 AASLD guidance achieved an AUC of 0.87 for HCC detection, with a sensitivity of 95% and an NPV of 99%, which were significantly higher than those of US surveillance alone (AUC, 0.72, P<0.001; sensitivity, 55%, P<0.001; NPV, 96%, P=0.002) and US combined with AFP surveillance (AUC, 0.77, P=0.007; sensitivity, 68%, P=0.006; NPV, 97%, P=0.014). However, the specificity of the 2023 AASLD guidance (80%) was slightly lower than that of US surveillance alone and US combined with AFP surveillance (90%, P<0.001; 86%, P=0.015), indicating a potential risk of over-referral among non-HCC individuals.

Conclusion

Although the specificity of the AASLD 2023 guidance is slightly reduced, its sensitivity and NPV for HCC detection are significantly higher than those of US alone and US combined with AFP. These findings suggest that the visualization score and recall strategy proposed in the 2023 AASLD guidance may have clinical utility for the early detection and management of HCC in high-risk populations. However, in clinical implementation, the risk of false-positive results should be carefully considered.

图1 研究对象纳入流程图 注:HCC为肝细胞癌
图2 AASLD 2023年版指南筛查算法的流程图 注:AASLD为美国肝病研究学会;AFP为甲胎蛋白;US-3为超声肝脏影像报告与数据系统分类3
表1 451例定期接受HCC筛查的患者的基线特征
表2 不同算法筛查HCC的性能比较[%(例/例)]
图3 超声监测及超声联合甲胎蛋白(AFP)监测假阴性而美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)2023年版指南筛查阳性的肝细胞癌病例超声及MRI图像。图a、b为超声图像显示肝脏实质回声粗糙,肝实质内弥漫分布多个低回声结节,大小0.4~0.9 cm;根据超声肝脏影像报告与数据系统(US LI-RADS),这些结节被归类为US-2类(白色箭头),可视化评分为C级;AFP水平为6.34 ng/ml;依据超声监测及超声联合AFP监测,该病例判定为阴性(非肝细胞癌),而依据AASLD 2023年版指南判定为阳性。图c、d为轴位增强MRI动脉期图像显示肝S7和S8有两个强化结节(白色箭头);图e、f为门静脉期图像显示结节消退为低信号(白色箭头);图g、h为肝胆期图像显示两个结节呈低信号,边界清晰,大小分别为1 cm和1.7 cm(白色箭头)。病理最终确诊为肝细胞癌
表3 基于PAGE-B评分的AASLD 2023年版指南在HCC筛查中的亚组分析[%(例/例)]
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