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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (11) : 1086 -1092. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.11.013

胸部超声影像学

肺部超声联合右心参数在重度肺纤维化评估中的价值初探
牟珂1, 王臻1,2, 梁嘉赫1, 叶晨雨1, 马骁1, 程雨欣1, 杨勇1,()   
  1. 1 710038 西安,空军军医大学唐都医院超声医学科
    2 723102 汉中,中国人民解放军96608部队医院医学影像科
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2025-11-01
  • 通信作者: 杨勇
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBSF-113); 空军军医大学临床研究项目(2022LC2234); 唐都医院重大科研项目(2022TDGS005)

Utility of lung ultrasonography combined with right heart echocardiographic rarameters in evaluating severe pulmonary fibrosis: a preliminary study

Ke Mou1, Zhen Wang2,1, Jiahe Liang1, Chenyu Ye1, Xiao Ma1, Yuxin Cheng1, Yong Yang1,()   

  1. 1 Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
    2 Department of Medical Imaging, 96608 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hanzhong 723102, China
  • Received:2025-07-28 Published:2025-11-01
  • Corresponding author: Yong Yang
引用本文:

牟珂, 王臻, 梁嘉赫, 叶晨雨, 马骁, 程雨欣, 杨勇. 肺部超声联合右心参数在重度肺纤维化评估中的价值初探[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(11): 1086-1092.

Ke Mou, Zhen Wang, Jiahe Liang, Chenyu Ye, Xiao Ma, Yuxin Cheng, Yong Yang. Utility of lung ultrasonography combined with right heart echocardiographic rarameters in evaluating severe pulmonary fibrosis: a preliminary study[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(11): 1086-1092.

目的

探讨肺部超声(LUS)、右心超声心动图参数及相关临床指标在重度肺纤维化(PF)评估中的价值。

方法

本研究是一项横断面研究,纳入2024年3月至2025年1月在空军军医大学唐都医院就诊的107例PF患者,其中非重度PF组 49例,重度PF组58例。所有患者均接受LUS评估及经胸超声心动图检查,并收集相关临床指标。比较2组的临床资料及超声特征参数。采用Logistic回归分析重度PF的独立危险因素。应用ROC曲线分析各独立危险因素及联合预测模型对重度PF的鉴别诊断效能。

结果

年龄、男性比例及吸烟史在重度PF组与非重度PF组之间差异存在统计学意义(P均<0.05)。与非重度PF组相比,重度PF患者的红细胞沉降率、细胞角蛋白19片段水平、LUS评分、胸膜线厚度显著升高(P均<0.05);右心室松弛功能受损、三尖瓣环收缩期位移/收缩期肺动脉压比值<0.55 mm/mmHg、三尖瓣反流速度>2.8 m/s在重度组占比更高(P<0.05);此外,重度组还表现出肺动脉内径增宽及肺血管阻力升高的特征。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,吸烟(OR=17.48,95%CI:1.47~207.84,P=0.024)、右心室松弛功能受损(OR=9.52,95%CI:1.25~72.80,P=0.03)、肺动脉内径(OR=1.72,95%CI:1.11~2.68,P=0.016)、LUS评分(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.01~1.35,P=0.034)及胸膜线厚度(OR=21.22,95%CI:4.28~105.21,P<0.001)是重度PF的独立危险因素。纳入上述5种因素的联合模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.97,诊断效能优于单一指标。

结论

本研究证实,吸烟、右心室松弛功能受损、肺动脉内径增宽、高LUS评分及胸膜线增厚与重度PF密切相关,LUS联合右心超声检查可作为PF严重程度评估和动态监测的一种新方法。

Objective

To evaluate the value of lung ultrasonography (LUS), right heart echocardiographic parameters, and related clinical indicators in evaluating severe pulmonary fibrosis (PF).

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study that included 107 patients with PF treated at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 2024 to January 2025, among whom 49 were divided into a non-severe PF group and 58 into a severe PF group. All patients underwent LUS assessment and transthoracic echocardiography, and relevant clinical indicators were also collected. The clinical data and ultrasonic characteristic parameters of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for severe PF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of each independent risk factor and their combination for severe PF.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in age, proportion of males, and smoking history between the two groups (all P<0.05). Compared with the non-severe group, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, cytokeratin 19 fragment level, LUS score, and pleural line thickness were significantly increased in patients with severe PF (all P<0.05), while the proportion of patients with impaired right ventricular relaxation function, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary arterial pressure ratio<0.55 mm/mmHg, and tricuspid regurgitation velocity>2.8 m/s was higher in the severe group (P<0.05). In addition, the severe group also showed characteristics of greater pulmonary artery diameter and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (odds ratio [OR]=17.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-207.84, P=0.024), impaired right heart relaxation function (OR=9.52, 95%CI: 1.25-72.80, P=0.03), pulmonary artery diameter (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.11-2.68, P=0.016), LUS score (OR=1.17, 1.01-1.35, P=0.034), and pleural line thickness (OR=21.22, 95%CI: 4.28-105.21, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for severe PF. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the combined model incorporating the above five factors was 0.97, and its diagnostic efficiency was better than that of single indicators.

Conclusion

This study confirms that smoking, impaired right heart relaxation function, greater pulmonary artery dilation, high LUS score, and pleural line thickening are closely related to severe PF. The combination of LUS and right heart echocardiography can be used as a new method for the assessment and dynamic monitoring of PF severity.

图1 肺纤维化肺部超声及超声心动图图像。图a为非重度肺纤维化患者右肺6区(右肺后下区)肺部超声表现,胸膜线不规则伴稀疏B线;图b为重度肺纤维化患者右肺6区的肺部超声表现,胸膜线增厚、模糊伴密集B线;图c、d为1例重度肺纤维化患者的肺部超声及超声心动图表现,图c为患者左肺1区表现(图中a为不规则、增厚的胸膜线;b为密集、融合B线),图d为超声心动图显示三尖瓣反流流速为4.43 m/s
表1 肺纤维化患者重度组与非重度组临床基本特征比较
临床资料 非重度组(n=49) 重度组(n=58) 统计值 P
年龄(岁)
57.41±11.11
63.36±10.29
t=-2.875 0.005
男性 16(32.65) 33(56.90) χ2=6.289 0.012
BMI(kg/m2 22.84±2.84 23.11±3.70 t=-0.419 0.676
收缩压(mmHg) 128.04±15.90 123.64±17.81 t=1.338 0.184
舒张压(mmHg) 79.82±11.82 75.64±10.55 t=1.932 0.056
红细胞沉降率(mm/h) 18(12,33) 27(14,72) Z=-2.043 0.041
血清胱抑素C(mg/L) 1.06(0.89,1.28) 1.08(1.01,1.43) Z=-1.554 0.120
单核细胞(%) 8.62±2.61 7.74±2.57 t=1.744 0.084
嗜碱性粒细胞(%) 0.40(0.25,0.60) 0.50(0.30,0.70) Z=-1.521 0.128
嗜酸性粒细胞(%) 1.30(0.35,2.65) 2.05(1.07,3.37) Z=-1.855 0.064
APTT(s) 27.0(24.3,31.1) 29.05(26.40,32.27) Z=-1.626 0.104
纤维蛋白原(g/L) 2.94(2.28,3.74) 3.36(2.77,4.36) Z=-2.270 0.023
D-二聚体(mg/L) 0.62(0.49,0.93) 0.80(0.54,1.39) Z=-1.942 0.052
IL-6(pg/ml) 4.65(2.87,12.13) 6.42(4.34,17.16) Z=-1.973 0.049
CA125(U/ml) 18.50(11.20,37.10) 26.45(12.65,46.17) Z=-1.704 0.088
癌胚抗原(µg/L) 2.67(1.44,4.09) 3.25(2.05,5.53) Z=-1.870 0.062
CYFRA21-1(ng/ml) 2.89(2.03,3.88) 4.07(2.71,5.67) Z=-3.398 <0.001
NSE(ng/ml) 14.80(12.55,15.95) 16.55(13.85,20.25) Z=-2.382 0.017
C反应蛋白(mg/L) 3.10(2.05,4.45) 3.58(2.37,8.35) Z=-1.701 0.089
超敏C反应蛋白(mg/L) 1.56(0.55,6.73) 5.00(2.06,10.19) Z=-3.146 0.002
吸烟 12(24.49) 31(53.45) χ2=9.266 0.002
疾病类型
χ2=4.190 0.041
特发性肺纤维化
9(18.37)
21(36.21)
CTD-ILD 40(81.63) 37(63.79)
HRCT Warrick评分 12(8,14) 24(20,27) Z=-8.532 <0.001
mMRC分级≥2 24(48.98) 55(94.83) χ2=28.898 <0.001
DLCO占预计值百分比(%) 78.35(66.50,88.66) 56.17(39.90,66.44) Z=-6.228 <0.001
FVC占预计值百分比(%) 89.72(77.77,93.39) 75.37(68.22,78.49) Z=-5.487 <0.001
表2 肺纤维化患者重度组与非重度组患者超声特征比较
表3 重度肺纤维化影响因素的多因素 Logistic 回归分析
图2 各独立危险因素及联合预测模型诊断重度肺纤维化的ROC曲线 注:联合诊断指将吸烟史、右心室松弛功能受损、肺动脉内径、肺部超声评分及胸膜线厚度纳入联合预测模型;AUC为ROC曲线下面积
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