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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2019, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (04) : 270 -274. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2019.04.007

所属专题: 妇产科超声影像学 文献 妇产科超声

妇产科超声影像学

早孕期胎儿心轴的参考值及其临床意义
林文志1, 邓学东1,(), 殷林亮1, 苟中山1   
  1. 1. 215002 南京医科大学附属苏州医院 苏州市立医院超声中心
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-13 出版日期:2019-04-01
  • 通信作者: 邓学东

Clinical value of fetal cardiac axis in the first trimester

Wenzhi Lin1, Xuedong Deng1,(), Linliang Yin1, Zhongshan Gou1   

  1. 1. Center for Medical Ultrasound, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
  • Received:2019-01-13 Published:2019-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Xuedong Deng
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Deng Xuedong, Email:
引用本文:

林文志, 邓学东, 殷林亮, 苟中山. 早孕期胎儿心轴的参考值及其临床意义[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2019, 16(04): 270-274.

Wenzhi Lin, Xuedong Deng, Linliang Yin, Zhongshan Gou. Clinical value of fetal cardiac axis in the first trimester[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2019, 16(04): 270-274.

目的

探讨孕11+0~13+6周胎儿心轴的正常参考值范围,并评价早孕期测定胎儿心轴的临床应用价值。

方法

选取2017年6月至2018年6月于南京医科大学附属苏州医院行早孕期超声检查的孕妇1639例,均为单胎妊娠,于早孕期超声检查时显示标准四腔心切面,于收缩期(房室瓣完全关闭时)测量心轴角度。

结果

1631例正常胎儿心轴测量值范围为10.26°~74.02°,平均为(43.79±10.10)°。按照不同孕周将1631例胎儿分为11+0~11+6周、12+0~12+6周、13+0~13+6周3组,其胎儿心轴角度分别为(43.40±10.82)°、(43.91±9.88)°、(43.65±9.96)°,3组胎儿心轴比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.40375,P>0.05)。本研究采用普通人群中胎儿心轴角度的95%可信区间作为正常参考值范围,得出1631例早孕期胎儿心轴角度正常参考值范围为23.99~63.58°。1639例胎儿中,8例于早孕期诊断为先天性心脏病,其中6例心轴角度测量值异常(4例心轴向左侧偏移,1例心轴向右侧偏移,1例心轴无法测量)。

结论

早孕期胎儿心轴角度测量及正常参考值范围的建立对于早孕期胎儿心脏超声筛查具有一定的价值,可作为早孕期诊断胎儿心脏畸形的指标之一。

Objective

To explore the normal reference range for fetal cardiac axis in the first trimester, and to evaluate its clinical value.

Methods

A total of 1639 unselected singleton pregnancies were enrolled from June 2017 to June 2018. Routine first trimester screening scan and fetal echocardiography were performed at 11+ 0~13+ 6 weeks of gestation. The cardiac axis was assessed by obtaining an axial view of the fetal chest at the level of the four-chamber view (when the atrioventricular valve was completely closed).

Results

The 1631 normal fetuses had a mean cardiac axis of (43.79±10.10)°, ranging from 10.80° to 74.02°. According to the gestational weeks, all pregnant women were divided into groups of 11+ 0~11+ 6 weeks, 12+ 0~12+ 6 weeks, and 13+ 0~13+ 6 weeks, and the mean fetal cardiac axis for them were (43.40±10.82)°, (43.91±9.88)°, and (43.65±9.96)°, respectively; the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (F=0.40375, P>0.05). The normal cardiac axis reference range was defined as 95% of the range of the fetal cardiac axis (23.99~63.58°). Among the 1639 fetuses, 8 were diagnosed with congenital heart disease in the first trimester, 6 of whom had abnormal cardiac axis value (4 cases of left axis deviation, 1 case of right axis deviation, and 1 case of unmeasurableness).

Conclusion

The reference range of fetal cardiac axis in the first trimester may be helpful in improving the detection rate of congenital heart defects, and it can be used as one of the indicators for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects in the first trimester.

图1 胎儿四腔心切面测量心轴角度的超声图像。从脊椎正中至胸骨正中画一连线,将胎儿胸腔分为左、右对称的两部分,再沿房室间隔画另一连线,两条连线形成的夹角即心轴
图2 应用能量多普勒测量正常胎儿心轴。图a为右心室和左心室呈鲜红色,并用黑线分开,代表房室间隔(箭头所示);图b为确定房室间隔位置后进行心轴测量
表1 正常胎儿心轴角度参考值(°)
图3 法洛四联症胎儿心轴测量的超声图像。胎儿孕12+6周时测量心轴角度为72°(心轴向左侧偏移)
表2 8例先天性心脏病胎儿的超声检查及心轴角度测量结果
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