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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (12) : 1164 -1172. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2021.12.008

妇产科超声影像学

二维斑点追踪成像技术对超重及肥胖女性孕中晚期胎儿心室构型变化的评估
刘云楠1, 赵美玲1, 侯娜1, 张琳1, 袁丽君1, 赵联璧1,()   
  1. 1. 710038 西安,空军军医大学唐都医院超声诊断科
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-01 出版日期:2021-12-01
  • 通信作者: 赵联璧
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(81901861)

Evaluation of fetal ventricular morphology in pre-gestational overweight and obese women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging

Yunnan Liu1, Meiling Zhao1, Na Hou1, Lin Zhang1, Lijun Yuan1, Lianbi Zhao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
  • Received:2021-07-01 Published:2021-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Lianbi Zhao
引用本文:

刘云楠, 赵美玲, 侯娜, 张琳, 袁丽君, 赵联璧. 二维斑点追踪成像技术对超重及肥胖女性孕中晚期胎儿心室构型变化的评估[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2021, 18(12): 1164-1172.

Yunnan Liu, Meiling Zhao, Na Hou, Lin Zhang, Lijun Yuan, Lianbi Zhao. Evaluation of fetal ventricular morphology in pre-gestational overweight and obese women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2021, 18(12): 1164-1172.

目的

应用二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)评价孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中晚期胎儿心室构型变化。

方法

回顾性选取2019年6月至2020年3月于空军军医大学唐都医院进行胎儿超声心动图检查的孕妇80例,根据孕前体质量指数(BMI)将其分为正常对照组30例、超重组27例和肥胖组23例。应用胎儿超声心动图获得常规胎儿心脏形态学指标,采用2D-STI技术并利用Fetal HQ软件获得孕24周及孕32周胎儿双侧心室24节段舒张末期横径及球形指数(SI),3组间进行单因素方差分析,并采用LSD-t检验进一步行组间两两比较。

结果

常规方法测量肥胖组、超重组与正常对照组孕妇胎儿的左、右心室舒张末期横径,左、右心室舒张末期长径,心胸面积比及左心室每搏输出量,3组间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。孕中期(孕24周)肥胖组室间隔厚度较正常对照组增厚[(2.10±0.41)mm vs(1.85±0.33)mm],孕晚期(孕32周)肥胖组室间隔厚度较正常对照组及超重组均增厚[(3.10±0.65)mm vs(2.46±0.52)mm、(2.55±0.53)mm],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。2D-STI测得肥胖组左心室横径孕24周第6~12节段及孕32周第7~12节段分别较同孕龄正常对照组明显增宽,肥胖组左心室SI孕32周第4~12节段较正常对照组明显降低(P均<0.05)。2D-STI测得肥胖组右心室横径孕24周第3~10节段及孕32周第1~8节段分别较同孕龄正常对照组明显增宽,肥胖组右心室SI孕32周第1~9节段较正常对照组明显降低(P均<0.05)。

结论

孕前肥胖的孕妇胎儿左心室中间段、右心室基底段节段性横径增宽,与正常对照者相比更接近球形,提示测量左心室中间段及右心室基底段横径可更敏感地反映孕前肥胖孕妇胎儿心室形态的改变。

Objective

To evaluate fetal ventricular morphology in pre-gestational overweight and obese women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).

Methods

Eighty women with singleton pregnancy at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from June 2019 to March 2020 were selected retrospectively. According to the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), they were divided into a normal control group (n=30), an overweight group (n=27), and an obese group (n=23). All pregnant women underwent regular and two-dimensional speckle tracking (2D-STI) fetal echocardiography at 24 and 32 weeks of gestation. The 24-segment transverse diameters and spherical indexes (SI) of the left and right ventricle were measured by 2D-STI, and the routine fetal cardiac morphological indexes were obtained by regular fetal echocardiography. All data were compared using one-way ANOVA based on group. Post hoc analyses were performed between groups using LSD-t test.

Results

There was no significant difference in left and right ventricular end-diastolic transverse diameters, left and right ventricular end-diastolic transverse length, cardiothoracic area ratio, and left ventricular stroke volume between any two of the groups by regular fetal echocardiography (P>0.05). The interventricular septum diameter in the obese group in the second trimester was thicker than that in the normal control group [(2.10±0.41) mm vs (1.85±0.33) mm, P<0.05], and that in the obese group in the late pregnancy was thicker than that in the control group and overweight group [(3.10±0.65) mm vs (2.46±0.52) mm and (2.55±0.53) mm, P<0.05]. The segments 6-12 left ventricle transverse diameters measured by 2D-STI in the obese group at 24 weeks of gestation and the segments 7-12 values at 32 weeks of gestation were significantly wider than those in the control group at the same gestational age. The segments 4-12 left ventricular SI measured by 2D-STI in the obese group at 32 weeks of gestation was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The segments 3-10 right ventricle transverse diameter measured by 2D-STI in the obese group at 24 weeks of gestation and the segments 1-8 values at 32 weeks of gestation were significantly wider than those in the control group at the same gestational age, respectively. The segments 1-9 right ventricular SI measured by 2D-STI in the obese group at 32 weeks of gestation was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Pre-pregnancy obesity can lead to wider transverse diameter and closer to the sphere in the middle segments of left ventricle and basal segments of right ventricle. It is suggested that the transverse diameters of left ventricular middle segments and right ventricular basal segments can more sensitively reflect the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on fetal ventricular morphology.

图1 左、右心室24节段横径及球形指数超声测量图像及分析示意图。图a为超声测量图像,图示二维斑点追踪成像技术自动识别胎儿心脏心内膜原始二维像素并实时跟踪,自动将左、右心室横径划分为24节段;图b为分析示意图,图示1节段横径为舒张末期心室瓣环水平横径;12节段横径为舒张末期心室中段横径;24节段横径为舒张末期心室心尖段横径;24节段球形指数=心室基底至心尖长径/各节段横径
表1 孕中期(孕24周)和孕晚期(孕32周)3组间一般资料比较(
xˉ
±s)
表2 孕中期(孕24周)和孕晚期(孕32周)3组间常规超声心动图参数比较(
xˉ
±s)
表3 孕24周3组间左心室24节段横径及球形指数比较(
xˉ
±s)
心脏结构参数 正常组(n=30) 超重组(n=27) 肥胖组(n=23) F P 心脏结构参数 正常组(n=30) 超重组(n=27) 肥胖组(n=23) F P
LVD1(mm) 9.09±1.41 9.18±1.23 9.95±1.40 3.040 0.054 LVSI1 2.23±0.33 2.13±0.35 2.06±0.33 1.712 0.187
LVD2(mm) 9.25±1.34 9.31±1.44 10.13±1.51 2.943 0.059 LVSI2 2.18±0.31 2.10±0.31 2.01±0.29 2.034 0.138
LVD3(mm) 9.39±1.53 9.43±1.11 10.30±1.60 3.088 0.052 LVSI3 2.14±0.30 2.07±0.28 1.97±0.27 2.318 0.105
LVD4(mm) 9.47±1.54 9.53±1.24 10.43±1.68 3.111 0.051 LVSI4 2.11±0.30 2.04±0.27 1.95±0.25 2.182 0.120
LVD5(mm) 9.52±1.47 9.55±1.39 10.47±1.76 3.054 0.053 LVSI5 2.09±0.30 2.04±0.27 1.93±0.24 2.268 0.110
LVD6(mm) 9.47±1.25 9.50±1.25 10.52±1.76ab 4.396 <0.05 LVSI6 2.10±0.31 2.05±0.26 1.93±0.24 2.559 0.084
LVD7(mm) 9.24±1.21 9.38±1.29 10.46±1.82ab 5.362 <0.01 LVSI7 2.12±0.32 2.09±0.32 1.95±0.27 2.184 0.120
LVD8(mm) 9.16±1.24 9.31±1.33 10.33±1.89a 4.577 <0.05 LVSI8 2.17±0.32 2.13±0.27 1.98±0.30 2.825 0.066
LVD9(mm) 8.99±1.31 9.02±1.35 10.17±1.94a 4.183 <0.05 LVSI9 2.22±0.33 2.17±0.28 2.02±0.33 2.763 0.069
LVD10(mm) 8.76±1.41 8.82±1.35 9.98±1.99a 4.225 <0.05 LVSI10 2.28±0.33 2.23±0.29 2.07±0.36 2.839 0.065
LVD11(mm) 8.53±1.29 8.62±1.33 9.75±1.99a 4.501 <0.05 LVSI11 2.35±0.33 2.28±0.30 2.12±0.40 3.010 0.055
LVD12(mm) 8.27±1.22 8.35±1.35 9.49±1.94a 4.704 <0.05 LVSI12 2.42±0.34 2.34±0.31 2.18±0.44 2.895 0.061
LVD13(mm) 8.17±1.39 8.15±1.42 9.11±1.89 3.045 0.053 LVSI13 2.51±0.35 2.41±0.32 2.25±0.48 3.013 0.055
LVD14(mm) 7.93±1.29 7.90±1.32 8.83±1.90 3.058 0.053 LVSI14 2.61±0.36 2.48±0.34 2.35±0.52 2.681 0.075
LVD15(mm) 7.62±1.26 7.68±1.28 8.54±1.86 3.056 0.053 LVSI15 2.73±0.37 2.57±0.36 2.45±0.57 2.783 0.068
LVD16(mm) 7.29±1.21 7.42±1.24 8.13±1.79 2.560 0.084 LVSI16 2.85±0.39 2.66±0.37 2.57±0.60 2.676 0.075
LVD17(mm) 7.08±1.15 7.16±1.16 7.79±1.70 2.107 0.128 LVSI17 2.97±0.42 2.75±0.39 2.67±0.59 3.029 0.054
LVD18(mm) 6.77±0.94 6.90±1.03 7.48±1.55 2.588 0.082 LVSI18 3.09±0.57 2.85±0.49 2.77±0.53 2.672 0.076
LVD19(mm) 6.41±0.94 6.56±0.88 7.10±1.37 2.918 0.060 LVSI19 3.21±0.54 2.99±0.45 2.90±0.47 2.863 0.063
LVD20(mm) 5.98±0.88 6.07±0.74 6.57±1.20 2.829 0.065 LVSI20 3.40±0.65 3.22±0.41 3.12±0.47 1.939 0.151
LVD21(mm) 5.24±0.84 5.33±0.74 5.78±1.04 2.744 0.071 LVSI21 3.94±0.82 3.66±0.48 3.55±0.54 2.654 0.077
LVD22(mm) 4.22±0.72 4.29±0.51 4.66±0.84 2.870 0.063 LVSI22 4.79±1.09 4.55±0.61 4.41±0.72 1.373 0.259
LVD23(mm) 2.92±0.52 3.00±0.37 3.25±0.60 2.967 0.057 LVSI23 7.05±1.63 6.50±0.91 6.31±1.08 2.500 0.089
LVD24(mm) 1.51±0.28 1.54±0.27 1.69±0.31 2.838 0.065 LVSI24 13.64±3.26 12.66±1.79 12.29±2.19 2.053 0.135
表4 孕32周3组间左心室24节段横径及球形指数比较(
xˉ
±s)
心脏结构参数 正常组(n=30) 超重组(n=27) 肥胖组(n=23) F P 心脏结构参数 正常组(n=30) 超重组(n=27) 肥胖组(n=23) F P
LVD1(mm) 12.85±1.68 12.98±1.71 13.30±1.50 0.504 0.606 LVSI1 2.18±0.31 2.18±0.26 2.04±0.26 2.050 0.136
LVD2(mm) 13.03±1.66 13.32±1.70 13.57±1.43 0.741 0.480 LVSI2 2.14±0.29 2.12±0.33 1.97±0.28 2.355 0.102
LVD3(mm) 13.22±1.67 13.56±1.71 13.85±1.37 1.019 0.366 LVSI3 2.11±0.28 2.07±0.28 1.92±0.24 3.466 0.036
LVD4(mm) 13.45±1.70 13.73±1.75 14.06±1.31 0.928 0.400 LVSI4 2.09±0.27 2.03±0.24 1.85±0.29a 5.532 <0.01
LVD5(mm) 13.39±1.71 13.74±1.83 14.18±1.27 1.509 0.228 LVSI5 2.10±0.27 2.00±0.23 1.84±0.31a 6.067 <0.01
LVD6(mm) 13.30±1.70 13.42±1.75 14.17±1.23 2.161 0.122 LVSI6 2.13±0.28 2.00±0.25 1.84±0.31a 7.013 <0.01
LVD7(mm) 13.05±1.46 13.29±1.72 14.06±1.16a 3.198 <0.05 LVSI7 2.19±0.30 2.02±0.26 1.87±0.34a 7.523 <0.01
LVD8(mm) 12.82±1.63 13.11±1.70 13.87±1.05a 3.239 <0.05 LVSI8 2.27±0.33 2.06±0.29 1.91±0.36a 8.169 <0.001
LVD9(mm) 12.61±1.61 12.87±1.68 13.63±1.09a 3.662 <0.05 LVSI9 2.35±0.37 2.18±0.31 1.94±0.38a 8.740 <0.001
LVD10(mm) 12.34±1.57 12.62±1.64 13.37±1.14a 3.241 <0.05 LVSI10 2.33±0.40 2.25±0.32 2.00±0.38a 5.471 <0.01
LVD11(mm) 12.09±1.54 12.36±1.58 13.08±1.09a 3.184 <0.05 LVSI11 2.41±0.41 2.20±0.32 2.09±0.38a 5.116 <0.01
LVD12(mm) 11.67±1.52 12.04±1.58 12.76±0.94a 3.983 <0.05 LVSI12 2.40±0.43 2.26±0.32 2.13±0.37a 3.209 <0.05
LVD13(mm) 11.69±1.51 11.90±1.58 12.37±1.21 1.450 0.241 LVSI13 2.48±0.44 2.33±0.33 2.27±0.36 2.168 0.121
LVD14(mm) 11.31±1.52 11.56±1.31 11.93±1.74 1.082 0.344 LVSI14 2.67±0.47 2.52±0.35 2.41±0.35 2.835 0.065
LVD15(mm) 11.02±1.52 11.15±1.31 11.44±2.19 0.416 0.661 LVSI15 2.77±0.50 .2.60±0.35 2.52±0.35 2.584 0.082
LVD16(mm) 10.23±1.47 10.49±1.13 10.94±2.49 1.095 0.34 LVSI16 2.87±0.57 2.88±0.39 2.61±0.35 2.755 0.070
LVD17(mm) 10.16±1.40 10.35±1.08 10.45±2.57 0.194 0.825 LVSI17 2.96±0.57 2.89±0.44 2.72±0.33 1.761 0.179
LVD18(mm) 9.19±1.33 9.44±2.56 9.93±2.32 0.817 0.445 LVSI18 3.15±0.61 3.07±0.49 2.84±0.39 2.464 0.092
LVD19(mm) 9.13±1.26 9.29±1.03 9.41±1.96 0.255 0.776 LVSI19 3.29±0.64 3.19±0.55 3.00±0.42 1.804 0.172
LVD20(mm) 8.09±1.20 8.51±1.01 8.68±1.96 1.263 0.289 LVSI20 3.53±0.71 3.38±0.58 3.25±0.52 1.36 0.263
LVD21(mm) 7.34±1.10 7.46±0.95 7.63±1.01 0.521 0.596 LVSI21 4.00±0.66 3.86±0.54 3.70±0.55 1.681 0.193
LVD22(mm) 5.66±0.93 5.77±0.80 6.15±0.65 2.501 0.089 LVSI22 4.77±0.64 4.60±0.52 4.58±0.43 1.017 0.366
LVD23(mm) 3.97±0.67 4.04±0.67 4.30±0.59 1.801 0.172 LVSI23 6.90±1.29 6.59±1.05 6.48±1.14 0.944 0.393
LVD24(mm) 2.04±0.35 2.13±0.31 2.21±0.28 1.886 0.159 LVSI24 13.81±2.57 13.04±2.07 12.51±2.66 1.911 0.155
表5 孕24周3组间右心室24节段横径及球形指数比较(
xˉ
±s)
心脏结构参数

正常组

n=30)

超重组(n=27) 肥胖组(n=23) F P 心脏结构参数 正常组(n=30) 超重组(n=27) 肥胖组(n=23) F P
RVD1(mm) 9.96±2.55 9.67±2.24 10.89±2.89 1.521 0.225 RVSI1 1.75±0.24 1.64±0.44 1.54±0.34 2.417 0.096
RVD2(mm) 9.89±1.85 10.09±1.62 10.77±2.19 2.163 0.122 RVSI2 1.75±0.25 1.62±0.41 1.54±0.35 2.607 0.080
RVD3(mm) 9.60±1.44 10.06±1.34 10.78±2.08a 3.464 <0.05 RVSI3 1.75±0.28 1.60±0.38 1.54±0.37 2.709 0.073
RVD4(mm) 9.63±1.34 10.01±1.37 10.76±1.94a 3.530 <0.05 RVSI4 1.76±0.27 1.59±0.36 1.55±0.41 2.874 0.063
RVD5(mm) 9.61±1.26 9.95±1.39 10.65±1.90a 3.134 <0.05 RVSI5 1.74±0.29 1.59±0.36 1.57±0.38 2.057 0.135
RVD6(mm) 9.51±1.24 9.86±1.36 10.54±1.84a 3.220 <0.05 RVSI6 1.78±0.31 1.60±0.36 1.59±0.40 2.547 0.085
RVD7(mm) 9.36±1.28 9.74±1.31 10.49±1.88a 3.817 <0.05 RVSI7 1.81±0.31 1.67±0.36 1.63±0.40 1.951 0.149
RVD8(mm) 9.14±1.31 9.58±1.28 10.51±1.76a 5.963 <0.05 RVSI8 1.84±0.33 1.67±0.36 1.64±0.40 2.470 0.091
RVD9(mm) 8.90±1.28 9.37±1.36 10.35±1.81a 6.389 <0.05 RVSI9 1.88±0.34 1.73±0.35 1.71±0.43 1.743 0.182
RVD10(mm) 8.62±1.26 9.12±1.28 10.00±1.80a 6.011 <0.05 RVSI10 1.93±0.33 1.79±0.32 1.76±0.37 1.982 0.145
RVD11(mm) 8.83±1.31 8.34±1.32 9.31±1.76 2.908 0.061 RVSI11 2.00±0.31 1.86±0.34 1.82±0.39 2.066 0.134
RVD12(mm) 8.50±1.37 8.04±1.35 9.01±1.76 2.784 0.068 RVSI12 2.08±0.32 1.94±0.33 1.86±0.40 2.749 0.070
RVD13(mm) 8.15±1.26 7.77±1.32 8.64±1.71 2.430 0.095 RVSI13 2.15±0.33 2.02±0.31 1.96±0.38 2.225 0.115
RVD14(mm) 7.79±1.33 7.38±1.28 8.25±1.70 2.420 0.095 RVSI14 2.26±0.36 2.12±0.34 2.04±0.37 2.621 0.079
RVD15(mm) 7.42±1.26 7.10±1.21 8.01±1.69 2.858 0.064 RVSI15 2.37±0.40 2.23±0.34 2.14±0.36 2.632 0.078
RVD16(mm) 7.07±1.24 6.77±1.26 7.61±1.71 2.371 0.100 RVSI16 2.50±0.45 2.33±0.37 2.26±0.41 2.426 0.095
RVD17(mm) 6.74±1.35 6.42±1.26 7.31±1.65 2.609 0.08 RVSI17 2.63±0.49 2.43±0.39 2.39±0.47 2.231 0.114
RVD18(mm) 6.07±1.39 6.43±1.34 7.04±1.62 2.955 0.058 RVSI18 2.80±0.52 2.55±0.56 2.51±0.40 2.704 0.073
RVD19(mm) 5.88±1.49 6.08±1.47 6.78±1.78 2.265 0.111 RVSI19 3.00±0.55 2.76±0.69 2.63±0.44 2.871 0.063
RVD20(mm) 5.28±1.51 5.61±1.46 6.23±1.75 2.419 0.096 RVSI20 3.23±0.60 3.06±0.86 2.83±0.54 2.223 0.115
RVD21(mm) 4.61±1.46 4.92±1.35 5.54±1.73 2.511 0.088 RVSI21 3.68±0.70 3.58±1.11 3.22±0.70 1.980 0.145
RVD22(mm) 3.73±1.37 3.96±1.25 4.63±1.48 2.958 0.058 RVSI22 4.59±0.90 4.52±1.52 4.00±0.95 1.918 0.154
RVD23(mm) 2.62±0.99 2.77±0.87 3.21±0.92 2.731 0.072 RVSI23 6.58±1.34 6.54±2.31 5.74±1.45 1.798 0.173
RVD24(mm) 1.30±0.64 1.44±0.45 1.68±0.59 2.935 0.059 RVSI24 12.83±2.66 12.81±3.65 11.71±2.90 1.057 0.353
表6 孕32周3组间右心室24节段横径及球形指数比较(
xˉ
±s)
心脏结构参数 正常组(n=30) 超重组(n=27) 肥胖组(n=23) F P 心脏结构参数 正常组(n=30) 超重组(n=27) 肥胖组(n=23) F P
RVD1(mm) 14.34±1.66 15.16±1.54 15.91±1.47a 6.603 <0.01 RVSI1 1.84±0.41 1.75±0.46 1.44±0.49a 5.429 <0.01
RVD2(mm) 14.92±1.29 15.26±1.24 15.85±1.45a 3.244 <0.05 RVSI2 1.83±0.41 1.73±0.45 1.43±0.45a 5.750 <0.01
RVD3(mm) 15.02±1.37 15.38±1.43 15.99±1.42a 3.120 <0.05 RVSI3 1.82±0.47 1.71±0.41 1.41±0.46a 5.666 <0.01
RVD4(mm) 15.10±1.35 15.34±1.41 16.04±1.38a 3.157 <0.05 RVSI4 1.81±0.48 1.70±0.39 1.40±0.44a 5.870 <0.01
RVD5(mm) 15.13±1.36 15.44±1.32 16.09±1.22a 3.567 <0.05 RVSI5 1.82±0.48 1.69±0.42 1.40±0.43a 5.888 <0.01
RVD6(mm) 14.88±1.34 15.24±1.08 16.11±1.18ab 6.893 <0.01 RVSI6 1.84±0.43 1.70±0.47 1.41±0.41a 6.361 <0.01
RVD7(mm) 14.60±1.36 15.15±1.21 16.06±1.21ab 8.661 <0.01 RVSI7 1.88±0.42 1.74±0.49 1.43±0.45a 6.552 <0.01
RVD8(mm) 14.46±1.39 14.97±1.36 15.92±1.33ab 7.543 <0.01 RVSI8 1.92±0.42 .1.76±0.49 1.46±0.44a 6.860 <0.01
RVD9(mm) 14.38±1.42 14.85±1.39 15.29±1.41 2.748 0.070 RVSI9 1.97±0.42 1.81±0.47 1.50±0.49a 6.942 <0.01
RVD10(mm) 14.10±1.53 14.41±1.48 15.13±1.59 3.018 0.055 RVSI10 1.97±0.49 1.87±0.48 1.63±0.54 3.072 0.052
RVD11(mm) 13.79±1.54 13.92±1.56 14.81±1.69 3.021 0.055 RVSI11 2.03±0.44 1.95±0.48 1.72±0.51 2.898 0.061
RVD12(mm) 13.05±1.73 13.26±1.76 13.92±1.68 1.738 0.183 RVSI12 2.08±0.48 2.03±0.51 1.77±0.54 2.673 0.075
RVD13(mm) 12.65±1.68 12.76±1.71 13.51±1.64 1.928 0.152 RVSI13 2.15±0.50 2.12±0.53 1.81±0.59 3.037 0.054
RVD14(mm) 12.01±1.69 12.17±1.70 13.06±1.65 2.813 0.066 RVSI14 2.22±0.53 2.20±0.58 1.88±0.60 2.787 0.068
RVD15(mm) 11.41±1.67 11.63±1.72 12.51±1.66 2.986 0.056 RVSI15 2.32±0.59 2.29±0.62 1.94±0.61 3.003 0.055
RVD16(mm) 10.93±1.74 11.07±1.76 11.96±1.77 2.515 0.088 RVSI16 2.46±0.63 2.43±0.58 2.07±0.64 3.061 0.053
RVD17(mm) 10.46±1.73 10.88±1.67 11.59±1.78 2.810 0.066 RVSI17 2.56±0.69 2.46±0.62 2.17±0.66 2.383 0.099
RVD18(mm) 10.01±1.73 10.48±1.72 11.01±1.71 2.221 0.115 RVSI18 2.69±0.72 2.58±0.65 2.33±0.69 1.820 0.169
RVD19(mm) 9.49±1.65 9.53±1.64 10.26±1.58 1.751 0.181 RVSI19 2.82±0.82 2.79±0.75 2.46±0.71 1.679 0.193
RVD20(mm) 8.57±1.63 8.77±1.61 9.09±1.51 0.700 0.500 RVSI20 3.00±0.82 2.86±0.75 2.54±0.76 2.317 0.105
RVD21(mm) 7.32±1.60 7.53±1.55 7.64±1.49 0.295 0.745 RVSI21 3.26±1.14 3.00±1.11 2.76±0.85 1.478 0.234
RVD22(mm) 5.68±1.50 5.98±1.41 6.21±1.34 0.922 0.402 RVSI22 3.95±1.48 3.74±1.32 3.26±0.93 1.910 0.155
RVD23(mm) 3.95±1.08 4.10±1.29 4.36±1.16 0.755 0.473 RVSI23 6.34±2.17 6.09±2.22 5.29±1.44 1.875 0.160
RVD24(mm) 2.02±0.49 2.09±0.68 2.24±0.56 0.954 0.389 RVSI24 13.96±3.99 13.68±3.72 12.40±2.26 1.422 0.247
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