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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (04) : 352 -360. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.04.002

心血管超声影像学

血流向量成像技术在不同Child-Pugh分级乙肝患者左心功能评价中的价值
卢天祺1, 张巍1, 周康1, 毕士玉1, 张羽1, 杨秀华1,()   
  1. 1. 150001 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院群力院区超声医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-09 出版日期:2024-04-01
  • 通信作者: 杨秀华

Evaluation of left ventricular function by vector flow mapping in patients with hepatitis B of different Child-Pugh grades

Tianqi Lu1, Wei Zhang1, Kang Zhou1, Shiyu Bi1, Yu Zhang1, Xiuhua Yang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
  • Received:2024-01-09 Published:2024-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiuhua Yang
引用本文:

卢天祺, 张巍, 周康, 毕士玉, 张羽, 杨秀华. 血流向量成像技术在不同Child-Pugh分级乙肝患者左心功能评价中的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(04): 352-360.

Tianqi Lu, Wei Zhang, Kang Zhou, Shiyu Bi, Yu Zhang, Xiuhua Yang. Evaluation of left ventricular function by vector flow mapping in patients with hepatitis B of different Child-Pugh grades[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2024, 21(04): 352-360.

目的

分析正常人与基于不同肝功能分级(Child-Pugh分级)乙型病毒性肝炎患者左心室腔内压差(IVPD)及左心室内压力梯度(IVPG)的变化特点,探讨血流向量成像(VFM)技术评价不同肝功能分级乙型病毒性肝炎患者左心功能的价值。

方法

选取2022年1月至2023年4月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院收治的慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者126例(其中Child-Pugh A级患者 69例为A组,Child-Pugh B级患者35例为B组,Child-Pugh C级患者22例为C组)及同期正常对照组65例。常规采集临床及常规超声心动图指标,并应用VFM技术获取左心室收缩期及舒张期各时相中等容收缩期(IC)、快速射血期(RE)、等容舒张期(IR)、快速充盈期(RF)、缓慢充盈期(SF)和心房收缩期(AC)的IVPD及IVPG,分析各组之间指标的差异以及VFM参数与常规超声心动图指标、Child-Pugh分级之间的相关性,绘制ROC曲线计算VFM参数预测Child-Pugh C级乙型病毒性肝炎的效能。

结果

C组患者的e'、a'、TRV显著高于正常组、A组及B组(P均<0.05);A级、B级患者的左心房容积指数(LAVI)、E/e’、二尖瓣口E峰减速时间(DT)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(LVSd)、舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)均高于正常组(P均<0.05)。3组患者IC-IVPG绝对值较对照组均升高(P均<0.05);A组AC-IVPD及AC-IVPG绝对值较对照组均升高(P均<0.05);C组患者IC-IVPD、RE-IVPD、IR-IVPD和IR-IVPG绝对值均较对照组升高(P均<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,IC-IVPD及IC-IVPG均与A、E/A、e'、a'、E/e'、e'/a'、DT、LVSd、LVPWd相关;IC-IVPD与心率(HR)相关;RE-IVPD及RE-IVPG均与E、a'、E/e'、DT相关;IR-IVPD及IR-IVPG与HR、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、A、E/A、a'、E/e'、e'/a'、DT、LVSd、LVPWd相关;RF-IVPD及RF-IVPG与E、A相关;SF-IVPD及SF-IVPG与E相关;AC-IVPD及AC-IVPG与A、E/A、e'、a'、E/e'、e'/a'、DT、LVSd、LVPWd相关(P均<0.05)。IR-IVPD、RF-IVPD和AC-IVPD与Child-Pugh分级呈正相关(r=0.172、0.203、0.225,P均<0.05)。IR-IVPD和AC-IVPD预测Child-Pugh C级乙型病毒性肝炎患者的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.78和0.843(P均<0.01)。

结论

左心室内IVPD及IVPG可以量化其腔内血流的变化情况,早期提示乙型病毒性肝炎患者左心收缩及舒张功能的改变,并可以提示乙型病毒性肝炎患者肝功能损伤程度,有望成为评价乙型病毒性肝炎患者心脏舒张功能的新参数。

Objective

To assess the changes of left intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) and left intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) by vector flow mapping (VFM) in normal subjects and hepatitis B patients with different Child-Pugh grades, in order to explore the value of VFM in evaluating left ventricular function in hepatitis B patients with different liver function grades from the perspective of hemodynamics.

Methods

A total of 126 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (including 69 patients with Child-Pugh grade A as group A, 35 with Child-Pugh grade B as group B, and 22 with Child-Pugh grade C as group C) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2022 to April 2023 were selected. Sixty-five normal controls were selected in the same period. Clinical and conventional echocardiographic parameters were collected routinely, and IVPD and IVPG were obtained by VFM technology during the isovolumetric contraction (IC), rapid ejection (RE), isovolumetric relaxation (IR), rapid filling (RF), slow filling (SF), and atrial contraction (AC) phases at left ventricular systole and diastole. The differences in the above indicators among the groups and the correlation between VFM parameters and conventional echocardiographic indicators and Child-Pugh classification were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to calculate the efficacy of VFM parameters in predicting Child-Pugh C hepatitis B.

Results

The e', a' and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) in Child-Pugh grade C patients were significantly higher than those in the normal group and groups A and B (P<0.05). The absolute values of left atrial volume index (LAVI), E/e', deceleration time (DT), interventricular septal end-diastolic thinkness (LVSd), and end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWd) in patients with Child-Pugh grade A and B were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). The absolute values of IC-IVPG in patients with hepatitis B were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The absolute values of IC-IVPD, RE-IVPD, IR-IVPD, and IR-IVPG in Child-Pugh grade C patients were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). IC-IVPD and IC-IVPG were correlated with A, E/a, e', a', E/e', e'/a', DT, LVSd, and LVPWd. IC-IVPD was correlated with heart rate (HR). RE-IVPD and RE-IVPG were correlated with E, a', E/e', and DT, while IR-IVPD and IR-IVPG were correlated with HR, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), A, E/a, a', E/e', e'/a', DT, LVSd, and LVPWd. RF-IVPD and RF-IVPG were correlated with E and A. SF-IVPD and SF-IVPG were correlated with E. AC-IVPD and AC-IVPG were correlated with A, E/a, e', a', E/e', e'/a', DT, LVSd, and LVPWd. IR-IVPD, RF-IVPD, and AC-IVPD were positively correlated with Child-Pugh classification (r=0.172, 0.203, and 0.225, respectively, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of IR-IVPD and AC-IVPD for predicting Child-Pugh grade C hepatitis B was 0.78 and 0.843, respectively (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Left ventricular IVPD and IVPG can quantify the changes of intracavity blood flow, indicate the changes of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function early, and reflect the degree of liver function damage in patients with viral hepatitis B, which is expected to become new parameters for evaluating cardiac diastolic function in patients with viral hepatitis B.

图1 血流向量成像工作站左心室内压差和左心室内压力梯度获取方式。图a为在血流向量成像(VFM)工作站中,于三腔心切面获取时间-流量曲线,将一个心动周期划分为:AB为等容舒张期,BC为快速充盈期,CD为缓慢充盈期,DE为心房收缩期,EF为等容收缩期,FG为射血期;图b中A1为左心室心尖处,A2为二尖瓣瓣环中点,测得A1与A2间左心室内压力差
表1 正常组与Child-Pugh A、B、C级乙肝各组的一般临床资料及常规超声参数比较[MP25P75)]
临床资料及超声参数 正常组(n=66) A级组(n=69) B级组(n=35) C级组(n=22) 统计值 P
年龄(岁) 49.85±11.52 51.09±9.16 53.09±9.48 54.95±7.10 F=2.387 0.124
BMI(kg/m2 22.37±2.19 23.34±2.92 23.47±2.71 21.07±3.38 F=2.648 0.105
BSA(m2 1.70±0.14 1.76±0.18 1.75±0.17 1.75±0.16 F=3.414 0.061
SCr(μmol/L) 63.5±13.57 64.81±14.58 64.41±15.67 55.72±7.92 F=0.001 0.974
LAVI(ml/m2 19.59(15.85,23.78) 21.98(18.18,28.26)a 27.14(21.08,35.15)a 30.52(21.77,38.46)ab H=28.865 <0.001
HR(次/min) 68(62,74) 68(61,78) 73(65,80) 77(67,85)ab H=12.92 0.005
LVEF(%) 61.2(57.0,65.8) 60.9(57.0,65.1) 58.9(53.9,63.0) 62.5(57.6,67.7) H=6.081 0.108
GLS -23(-25.3,-19.5) -22.05(-24.8,-19.6) -21.9(-24.2,-18.8) -21.45(-23.6,-19.2) H=2.481 0.479
E(cm/s) 66.8(55.0,75.9) 67.4(55.7,79.9) 81.5(60.0,88.5)a 83.25(75.0,91.1)ab H=21.627 <0.001
A(cm/s) 60.9(48.7,72.0) 63.9(52.2,77.3) 62.7(53.5,77.2) 72.0(58.9,82.3)a H=8.496 0.037
E/A 1.09(0.83,1.31) 1.10(0.83,1.34) 1.14(0.84,1.49) 1.12(0.85,1.38) H=1.385 0.709
e'(cm/s) 11.0(9.1,13.45) 10.0(8.9,11.8) 11.2(8.8,12.6) 12.5(11.6,14.4)abc H=18.249 <0.001
a'(cm/s) 10.27±1.64 10.84±1.78a 10.55±1.63 11.68±1.42abc F=4.189 0.007
E/e' 5.96±1.57 6.74±1.53a 7.33±2.15a 6.40±1.22c F=5.978 0.001
e'/a' 1.04(0.84,1.42) 0.94(0.76,1.19) 1.11(0.74,1.21) 1.08(0.96,1.20) H=7.792 0.051
DT(ms) 180.25±23.63 188.23±23.74a 196.53±24.51a 200.72±21.3ab F=10.866 0.001
LVSd(mm) 7.6(7.3,8.1) 8.4(7.7,9.1)a 8.2(7.7,8.8)a 8.2(7.9,9.7)a H=27.969 <0.001
LVPWd(mm) 7.6(7.1,8.2) 7.9(7.4,8.6)a 8.1(7.7,8.6)a 8.1(7.5,9.1) H=14.306 0.003
LVEDd(mm) 45.5(42.7,48.8) 47.0(43.6,50.1) 49.0(46.2,51.6)a 47.8(46.2,51.9) H=10.863 0.012
SV(ml) 50(44,61) 55(46,69) 62(48,71) 64(54,71) H=12.502 0.006
TRV(m/s) 223.79±40.11 236.03±42.31 239.91±44.53 266.82±63.67abc F=6.841 0.010
表2 正常组与Child-Pugh A、B、C级乙肝各组的各个时相左心室内压力差及压力梯度比较[MP25P75)]
图2 患者组与对照组各个时相左心室内压差(IVPD)变化曲线示意图。置取样线于左心室心尖与二尖瓣环中点,IVPD为黄色曲线两端数值差,左心室内压力梯度(IVPG)为IVPD与左心室长轴的比值,红色代表相对高压区,蓝色代表相对低压区。图a~f为正常对照组,g~l为乙肝患者组,患者组比对照组心腔内颜色差异更大;a和g为等容收缩期,b和h为射血期,c和i为等容舒张期,d和j为快速充盈期,e和k为减慢充盈期,f和l为心房收缩期
图3 正常对照组与乙肝组、正常对照组与Child-Pugh C级组的左心室内压差趋势图。图a为正常对照组与乙肝组趋势图;图b为正常对照组与Child-Pugh C级组趋势图 注:1 mmHg=0.133 kPa;IVPD为左心室内压差;IVPG为左心室内压力梯度;IC为等容收缩期;RE为快速射血期;IR为等容舒张期;RF为快速充盈期;SF为缓慢充盈期;AC为心房收缩期;C级为Child-Pugh C级
图4 各个时相左心室内压差与常规超声心动图指标的相关性热力图 注:IVPD为左心室内压差;IC为等容收缩期;RE为快速射血期;IR为等容舒张期;RF为快速充盈期;SF为缓慢充盈期;AC为心房收缩期;LAVI为左心房容积指数;HR为心率;LVEF为Sim双平面法测得左心室射血分数:GLS为左心室整体纵向应变;E为舒张期早期二尖瓣口流速峰值;A为舒张期晚期二尖瓣口流速峰值;e'为二尖瓣环侧壁及间隔舒张早期最大速度平均值;a'为二尖瓣环侧壁及间隔舒张晚期最大速度平均值;DT为二尖瓣E峰减速时间;LVSd为舒张末期室间隔厚度;LVPWd为舒张末期左心室后壁厚度;*表示P<0.05
图5 各个时相左心室内压力梯度与常规超声心动图指标的相关性热力图 注:IVPG为左心室内压力梯度;IC为等容收缩期;RE为快速射血期;IR为等容舒张期;RF为快速充盈期;SF为缓慢充盈期;AC为心房收缩期;LAVI为左心房容积指数;HR为心率;LVEF为Sim双平面法测得左心室射血分数:GLS为左心室整体纵向应变;E为舒张期早期二尖瓣口流速峰值;A为舒张期晚期二尖瓣口流速峰值;e'为二尖瓣环侧壁及间隔舒张早期最大速度平均值;a'为二尖瓣环侧壁及间隔舒张晚期最大速度平均值;DT为二尖瓣E峰减速时间;LVSd为舒张末期室间隔厚度;LVPWd为舒张末期左心室后壁厚度;*表示P<0.05
表3 各个时相左心室内压力差及压力梯度与肝功能分级的相关性分析结果
图6 等容舒张期-左心室内压差及心房收缩期-左心室内压差判断Child-Pugh C级患者的ROC曲线 注:IR-IVPD为等容舒张期-左心室内压差;AC-IVPD为心房收缩期-左心室内压差
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