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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (03) : 218 -227. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2026.03.006

妇产科超声影像学

超声#Enzian评分预测子宫内膜异位症手术难度的应用价值
杨艳华, 唐晓健, 冯炜炜, 陈慧, 刘华()   
  1. 200025 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院妇产科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 出版日期:2026-03-01
  • 通信作者: 刘华
  • 基金资助:
    上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项面上项目(202340093)

Value of preoperative sonography-based #Enzian classification for predicting endometriosis surgical difficulty

Yanhua Yang, Xiaojian Tang, Weiwei Feng, Hui Chen, Hua Liu()   

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Received:2025-06-30 Published:2026-03-01
  • Corresponding author: Hua Liu
引用本文:

杨艳华, 唐晓健, 冯炜炜, 陈慧, 刘华. 超声#Enzian评分预测子宫内膜异位症手术难度的应用价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2026, 23(03): 218-227.

Yanhua Yang, Xiaojian Tang, Weiwei Feng, Hui Chen, Hua Liu. Value of preoperative sonography-based #Enzian classification for predicting endometriosis surgical difficulty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2026, 23(03): 218-227.

目的

探讨超声#Enzian评分预测子宫内膜异位症手术难度的应用价值。

方法

回顾性纳入2018年1月至2023年6月就诊于上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院,经手术证实为子宫内膜异位症的患者229例,依据手术时间和出血量将其分为手术困难组(93例)与非困难组(136例)。对子宫内膜异位症病变进行术前超声#Enzian评分、手术#Enzian评分以及美国生殖医学学会(ASRM)评分。比较分析2组的评分特征。采用多因素Logistic回归进行手术困难的独立相关因素分析,并建立回归方程。绘制ROC曲线分析不同模型(超声#Enzian模型、手术#Enzian模型、ASRM评分)预测手术困难的效能。

结果

超声#Enzian评分参数比较:手术困难组的子宫腺肌病最大径、膀胱/输尿管深部子宫内膜异位病变的最大径以及C评分(直肠及距肛门16 cm以下的结肠)高于非困难组,卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿最大径小于非困难组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。手术#Enzian评分参数比较:手术困难组的P评分(腹膜病变)、Tr评分(右侧输卵管和卵巢)、C评分,子宫腺肌病占比高于非困难组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明,超声#Enzian的C评分、双侧T评分(输卵管和卵巢)之和、膀胱/输尿管病变最大径、子宫腺肌病最大径、卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿最大径是手术困难的独立相关因素(P均<0.05);构建回归方程,其预测手术困难的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.733(95%CI:0.666~0.799,P<0.001)。手术#Enzian的C评分、存在腺肌病、双侧T评分之和是手术困难的独立相关因素(P均<0.05);构建回归方程,其预测手术困难的AUC为0.752(95%CI:0.687~0.816,P<0.001)。二者均优于ASRM评分(AUC=0.671)。

结论

超声#Enzian评估有助于术前预测子宫内膜异位症手术的困难程度,可为术前准备、医患沟通及术后管理提供参考依据。

Objective

To predict the difficulty of endometriosis surgery using the #Enzian (u) classification based on preoperative sonography.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 229 patients with surgically confirmed endometriosis treated at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2018 and June 2023. The patients were divided into a difficult surgery group (n=93) and a non-difficult group (n=136) based on operative time and blood loss volume. #Enzian (u) and #Enzian (s) classification features, as well as American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) score, were compared. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of difficult surgery, and regression equations were developed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the area under the curve (AUC) for the three models [#Enzian (u), #Enzian (s), and ASRM].

Results

For #Enzian (u), the difficult surgery group had significantly higher values for maximum diameter of adenomyosis, maximum diameter of lesions in the FB/FU compartment (bladder and ureter), and grade of compartment C (lesions located up to 16 cm from the anal verge), while the maximum diameter of ovarian endometriosis was smaller in the difficult group compared to the non-difficult group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression identified grade of compartment C, sum of grades in bilateral compartment T (tubo-ovarian condition), maximum diameter of lesions in FB/FU, maximum diameter of adenomyosis, and maximum diameter of ovarian endometriosis as independent predictors of surgical difficulty (all P<0.05). The AUC of the regression equation was 0.733 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.666~0.799, P<0.001). For #Enzian (s), the difficult surgery group showed higher grades of compartment P (peritoneum), compartment Tr (right tubo-ovarian condition), and compartment C, as well as a higher proportion of adenomyosis compared to the non-difficult group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression indicated that grade of compartment C, sum of grade in bilateral compartment T, and presence of adenomyosis were independent predictors of surgical difficulty (all P<0.05). The AUC of this regression equation was 0.752 (95%CI: 0.687~0.816, P<0.001). The diagnostic performance of both #Enzian-based equations outperformed that of the ASRM score (AUC=0.671).

Conclusion

The #Enzian (u) classification is useful for preoperatively predicting the difficulty of endometriosis surgery. It provides valuable guidance for enhanced preoperative planning, improved surgeon–patient communication, and postoperative management.

图1 研究对象纳入流程图
图2 深部子宫内膜异位症(DE)不同#Enzian分区的典型超声图像。图a、b为33岁女性术前超声图像,阴道直肠隔内可见低回声区27 mm×14 mm×15 mm,形态不规则,内见较丰富血流信号,与宫颈后壁紧贴,术后病理证实为DE累及阴道直肠隔;图c、d为31岁女性术前超声图像,宫骶韧带见低回声区17 mm×5 mm×14 mm,形态不规则,边界不清,内部未见明显血流信号,触痛阳性,术后病理证实为DE累及宫骶韧带;图e为36岁女性术前超声图像,直肠前壁见一低回声区33 mm×12 mm×24 mm,形态不规则,边界不清晰,触痛阳性,术后病理证实为DE累及直肠;图f~h为44岁女性术前超声图像,图f显示子宫膀胱陷凹内见不均匀等回声27 mm×21 mm×25 mm,形态不规则,与子宫前壁及膀胱后壁紧贴,与膀胱后壁无明显分界,图g显示右侧输尿管扩张,盆腔右侧见管状无回声,最宽处约9 mm,向下与膀胱相连,图h为右侧肾脏纵切面显示右肾积水,该病例术后病理证实为DE累及膀胱和输尿管(图f为DE累及膀胱,图g为DE累及右侧输尿管)
表1 子宫内膜异位症超声及手术#Enzian各区评分分布(例)
表2 子宫内膜异位症手术困难组与非困难组基本特征、超声及术中参数的比较分析
表3 手术困难组与非困难组的#Enzian评分比较(例)
表4 手术困难组与非困难组的双侧T区与B区#Enzian总分比较[MQ1Q3)]
表5 子宫内膜异位症手术困难的多因素Logistic回归分析[纳入#Enzian(u)相关参数]
表6 子宫内膜异位症手术困难的多因素Logistic回归分析[纳入#Enzian(s)相关参数]
图3 不同模型预测子宫内膜异位症手术困难的ROC曲线 注:ASRM为美国生殖医学学会分期;#Enzian(u)为更新版超声Enzian评分;#Enzian(s)为更新版手术Enzian评分
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