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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (05) : 408 -415. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2026.05.011

妇产科超声影像学

常规超声切面联合心底短轴切面、肺动脉分叉切面对常见胎儿先天性心脏病的诊断价值
卓秋銮, 庞慧贤, 卫红艳, 姜新魁, 姜伟()   
  1. 518052 广东深圳,深圳市南山区人民医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-04 出版日期:2026-05-01
  • 通信作者: 姜伟
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市科创委基金面上项目(JCYJ20220530142002005)

Diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound views combined with short-axis view of the cardiac base and pulmonary artery bifurcation plane for common fetal congenital heart disease

Qiuluan Zhuo, Huixian Pang, Hongyan Wei, Xinkui Jiang, Wei Jiang()   

  1. Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
  • Received:2026-02-04 Published:2026-05-01
  • Corresponding author: Wei Jiang
引用本文:

卓秋銮, 庞慧贤, 卫红艳, 姜新魁, 姜伟. 常规超声切面联合心底短轴切面、肺动脉分叉切面对常见胎儿先天性心脏病的诊断价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2026, 23(05): 408-415.

Qiuluan Zhuo, Huixian Pang, Hongyan Wei, Xinkui Jiang, Wei Jiang. Diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound views combined with short-axis view of the cardiac base and pulmonary artery bifurcation plane for common fetal congenital heart disease[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2026, 23(05): 408-415.

目的

探讨常规超声切面联合心底短轴切面(SAVCB)及肺动脉分叉切面(PABP)对常见胎儿先天性心脏病(CHD)的诊断效能。

方法

回顾性纳入2018年4月至2025年12月深圳市南山区人民医院产检的疑似胎儿CHD的孕妇176例,以产后诊断金标准将其分为CHD组132例,正常对照组44例。2组均在完成常规超声切面检查的基础上,补充SAVCB、PABP检查,量化分析核心超声参数:肺动脉(PA)内径、主动脉(AO)内径、PA/AO、上腔静脉(SVC)内径、肺动脉口峰值流速(PVmax)、主动脉瓣口峰值流速(AVmax)、PVmax/AVmax、左肺动脉(LPA)内径、右肺动脉(RPA)内径,采用t检验比较2组上述超声参数的差异,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析不同切面组合筛查方案诊断胎儿CHD的效能,计算曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度及约登指数。

结果

CHD组SVC内径、PVmax/AVmax显著高于正常对照组[(5.89±0.73)mm vs(4.21±0.65)mm、(0.97±0.22)vs(0.75±0.13)],PA/AO、LPA内径、RPA内径显著低于正常对照组[(1.07±0.11)vs(1.34±0.26)、(2.52±0.35)mm vs(3.75±0.42)mm、(2.68±0.32)mm vs(3.91±0.38)mm],差异均具有统计学意义(t=-13.572、-6.271、9.653、19.173、21.040,P均<0.001)。常规切面+SAVCB+PABP的联合筛查方案诊断效能最优,胎儿CHD检出率达84.44%,AUC为0.902、敏感度为95.45%、特异度为84.85%。

结论

常规切面联合SAVCB、PABP的筛查方案,可显著提升胎儿CHD诊断效能,优化了该病产前筛查体系。

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of routine ultrasound views combined with the short-axis view of the cardiac base (SAVCB) and the pulmonary artery bifurcation plane (PABP) for common fetal congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods

This retrospective study included 176 pregnant women with fetuses suspected of having CHD who underwent prenatal examination at Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital from April 2018 to December 2025. Based on postnatal gold-standard diagnoses, they were divided into a CHD group (n=132) and a normal control group (n=44). All participants underwent routine ultrasound views plus additional SAVCB and PABP examinations. Key ultrasound parameters were quantified, including pulmonary artery (PA) diameter, aortic (AO) diameter, PA/AO ratio, superior vena cava (SVC) diameter, pulmonary valve peak velocity (PVmax), aortic valve peak velocity (AVmax), PVmax/AVmax ratio, left pulmonary artery (LPA) diameter, and right pulmonary artery (RPA) diameter. The t-test was used to compare the above-mentioned ultrasound parameters between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic performance of different view combinations, with calculation of the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index.

Results

The CHD group demonstrated significantly higher SVC and PVmax/AVmax compared with the control group [(5.89±0.73) mm vs (4.21±0.65) mm and (0.97±0.22) vs (0.75±0.13); t=-13.572 and -6.271, respectively; both P<0.001], and significantly lower PA/AO, LPA, and RPA than the control group ([(1.07±0.11) vs (1.34±0.26), (2.52±0.35) mm vs (3.75±0.42) mm, and (2.68±0.32) mm vs (3.91±0.38) mm; t=9.653, 19.173, and 21.040, respectively; all P<0.001]. The combined screening protocol integrating conventional views with SAVCB and PABP achieved the best diagnostic performance, with a detection rate of 84.44% for fetal CHD, an AUC of 0.902, a sensitivity of 95.45%, and a specificity of 84.85%.

Conclusion

The screening strategy integrating conventional ultrasound views with SAVCB and PABP significantly enhances the diagnostic efficacy for fetal CHD and optimizes the prenatal screening framework for this condition.

表1 疑似胎儿CHD的孕妇一般资料与妊娠结局比较
图1 2组胎儿产前常规切面、心底短轴切面(SAVCB)及肺动脉分叉切面(PABP)超声图像。图a~f为正常对照组超声图像,正常对照组常规切面(图a)显示肺动脉内径与主动脉内径相近,血流方向正常(图d);正常对照组SAVCB显示右心室流出道前向血流通畅(图b),动脉导管血流方向正常(图e);正常对照组PABP显示左右肺动脉发育良好(图c),血流灌注正常(图f);图g~l为先天性心脏病(CHD)组超声图像,CHD组常规切面显示肺动脉内径小于主动脉内径(图g),可见逆向血流(图j);CHD 组SAVCB 显示右心室流出道无前向血流(图h),动脉导管血流反向(图k);CHD 组PABP显示动脉导管血流逆行灌注右肺动脉(图l);引产标本显示胎儿肺动脉主干闭锁(图m) 注:MPA为主肺动脉;ARCH为主动脉弓;T为气管;SVC为上腔静脉;DA/DAO为降主动脉;RV为右心室;AAO为升主动脉;RPA为右肺动脉;LPA为左肺动脉;AO为主动脉
表2 正常对照组与CHD组胎儿心脏超声参数比较(
±s
表3 不同切面检查方案对右心室流出道及肺动脉相关胎儿先天性心脏病检出情况对比[例(%)]
图2 不同切面方案诊断胎儿CHD(图a)及常规切面+SAVCB+PABP诊断简单型及复杂型CHD(图b)的受试者操作特征曲线 注:SAVCB为心底短轴切面;PABP为肺动脉分叉切面;CHD为先天性心脏病;AUC为曲线下面积
表4 不同切面检查方案及联合检查对胎儿先天性心脏病的诊断效能
表5 常规切面+SAVCB+PABP联合方案对胎儿两类CHD的诊断效能
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