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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (07) : 734 -742. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.07.012

浅表器官超声影像学

超声联合临床特征的列线图模型预测甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的价值
孙帼, 谢迎东, 徐超丽(), 杨斌   
  1. 210002 南京,南京大学附属金陵医院(东部战区总医院)超声诊断科
    210000 南京,南京大学第一附属医院超声诊断科
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-01 出版日期:2023-07-01
  • 通信作者: 徐超丽

Clinical value of a nomogram based on ultrasonic and clinical features for predicting central and lateral cervical lymph node metastases of thyroid papillary carcinoma

Guo Sun, Yingdong Xie, Chaoli Xu(), Bin Yang   

  1. Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
    Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
  • Received:2022-03-01 Published:2023-07-01
  • Corresponding author: Chaoli Xu
引用本文:

孙帼, 谢迎东, 徐超丽, 杨斌. 超声联合临床特征的列线图模型预测甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(07): 734-742.

Guo Sun, Yingdong Xie, Chaoli Xu, Bin Yang. Clinical value of a nomogram based on ultrasonic and clinical features for predicting central and lateral cervical lymph node metastases of thyroid papillary carcinoma[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(07): 734-742.

目的

探讨超声联合临床特征的列线图模型预测甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)中央区和颈侧区淋巴结转移的临床价值。

方法

回顾性分析1071例于2014年1月至2021年6月在南京大学附属金陵医院(东部战区总医院)经手术病理证实为PTC并行淋巴结清扫的患者,其中未发生淋巴结转移者560例,发生中央区淋巴结转移者415例,发生颈侧区淋巴结转移者96例。采用单因素分析比较3组患者临床及超声影像特征的差异。使用二元多因素Logistic回归分析筛选出淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,并绘制列线图及受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线可视化危险因素对淋巴结转移的预测效能。

结果

单因素分析结果显示,患者年龄、甲状腺超声测量结节横径、纵径、纵横比、边缘、侧方声影、声晕、钙化、彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)血流分级以及患者的促甲状腺素水平在无淋巴结转移和中央区及颈侧区淋巴结转移患者之间比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。通过Logistic回归分析,结果显示患者年龄≤45岁、横径≥20 mm、纵径≥10 mm以及CDFI血流分级为3级是预测中央区淋巴结转移的独立风险因素,而前三者是预测颈侧区淋巴结转移的主要特征。列线图模型的ROC曲线分析显示联合预测中央区淋巴结转移的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.735,敏感度为29.47%,特异度为89.09%;联合预测颈侧区淋巴结转移的AUC为0.866,敏感度为19.96%,特异度为100%。

结论

超声特征(横径≥20 mm、纵径≥10 mm、以及CDFI血流分级为3级)联合临床特征(年龄≤45岁)的列线图模型可作为预测PTC颈部淋巴结转移的一种无创性量化工具,尤其是对预测颈侧区淋巴结转移具有高度特异度,有助于临床医师决策患者是否行预防性淋巴结清扫。

Objective

To explore the clinical value of a nomogram based on preoperative thyroid ultrasonic and clinical characteristics for predicting central and lateral cervical neck lymph node metastases of thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC).

Methods

A total of 1071 patients, including 560 patients without lymph node metastasis, 415 with central cervical lymph node metastasis, and 96 with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis, who were admitted to Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine Nanjing University (Eastern Theater Command General Hospital) from January 2014 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All lymph node metastases were pathologically confirmed after surgery. Preoperative clinical and thyroid ultrasonography data were retrospectively analyzed and compared among the three groups using univariate analysis. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant independent risk factors for metastasis. Then, a nomogram was generated for visualizing the risk factors for predicting lymph node metastasis.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in patient age, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, and longitudinal/transverse ratio of nodules measured by thyroid ultrasound, edge, lateral acoustic shadow, acoustic corona, calcification, color Doppler imaging blood grade, and TSH level between patients without and patients with cervical lymph node metastasis (P<0.05 for all). Logistic regression analysis showed that patient age ≤ 45 years, anteroposterior diameter ≥ 20 mm, transverse diameter ≥ 10 mm, and CDFI grade 3 were risk predictors of central cervical lymph node metastasis, and the three former factors were risk predictors of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. The ROC curve of the nomogram combining the above factors showed relative good prediction performance for central cervical lymph node metastasis with an AUC of 0.735, sensitivity of 29.47%, and specificity of 89.09%, while for lateral cervical lymph node metastasis, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.866, 19.96%, and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion

The nomogram based on thyroid ultrasonography (anteroposterior diameter ≥ 20 mm, transverse diameter ≥ 10 mm, and CDFI grade 3) and clinical features (patient age ≤ 45 years) can be applied as a noninvasive quantitative tool to predict cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC patients. Especially, the nomogram exhibits a high diagnostic specificity for lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. The nomogram may facilitate decision-making for prophylactic lymphoid dissection in such patients.

表1 不同淋巴结转移情况的原发性甲状腺乳头状癌患者临床和超声特征比较
变量 无转移(n=560) 中央区转移(n=415) 颈侧区转移(n=96) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
44.39±11.68 40.13±11.78 42.41±11.97 F=16.660 <0.001
性别[例(%)] χ2=2.710 0.258
男性 183(32.68) 152(36.63) 28(29.17)
女性 377(67.32) 263(63.37) 68(70.83)
甲状腺回声[例(%)] χ2=2.789 0.248
均匀 482(86.07) 372(89.64) 84(87.50)
欠/不均匀 78(13.93) 43(10.36) 12(12.50)
甲状腺大小(mm,
x¯
±s
峡部 2.68±1.09 2.72±0.87 2.74±1.10 F=2.366 0.056
横径(右叶) 17.86±3.77 17.74±3.37 17.87±3.72 F=1.913 0.148
纵径(右叶) 14.84±3.45 14.95±3.16 14.95±3.40 F=1.900 0.061
横径(左叶) 17.47±3.52 17.12±3.15 17.40±3.60 F=0.678 0.865
纵径(左叶) 14.20±3.34 14.24±3.06 14.36±3.45 F=2.345 0.283
结节位置[例(%)] χ2=1.082 0.897
右叶 295(52.68) 216(52.05) 48(50.00)
左叶 252(45.00) 189(45.54) 47(48.96)
峡部 13(2.32) 10(2.41) 1(1.04)
叶内位置[例(%)] χ2=2.179 0.903
上极 127(22.68) 88(21.20) 20(20.83)
中极 259(46.25) 186(44.82) 48(50.00)
下极 161(28.75) 131(31.57) 27(28.13)
峡部 13(2.32) 10(2.41) 1(1.04)
结节横径(mm,
x¯
±s
8.76±4.96 12.29±7.45 11.04±7.29 F=107.323 <0.001
结节纵径(mm,
x¯
±s
10.08±3.19 12.64±4.30 11.75±4.69 F=151.434 <0.001
结节纵横比(
x¯
±s
1.33±0.44 1.21±0.43 1.26±0.45 F=18.597 <0.001
形态[例(%)] χ2=2.187 0.335
规则 115(20.54) 70(16.87) 17(17.71)
欠/不规则 445(79.46) 345(83.13) 79(82.29)
边界[例(%)] χ2=4.434 0.109
清晰 126(22.50) 71(17.11) 18(18.75)
不清晰 434(77.50) 344(82.89) 78(81.25)
边缘[例(%)] χ2=6.049 0.049
光整 95(16.96) 52(12.53) 9(9.37)
不光整 465(83.04) 363(87.47) 87(90.63)
回声[例(%)] χ2=6.285 0.179
极低回声 40(7.14) 30(7.23) 1(1.04)
低回声 483(86.25) 354(85.30) 90(93.75)
等/高/混合回声 37(6.61) 31(7.47) 5(5.21)
后方回声衰减[例(%)] χ2=3.928 0.140
457(81.61) 319(76.87) 73(76.04)
103(18.39) 96(23.13) 23(23.96)
侧方声影[例(%)] χ2=9.039 0.011
525(93.75) 375(90.36) 82(85.42)
35(6.25) 40(9.64) 14(14.58)
声晕[例(%)] χ2=8.578 0.014
514(91.79) 370(89.16) 79(82.29)
46(8.21) 45(10.84) 17(17.71)
钙化[例(%)] χ2=50.696 <0.001
280(50.00) 134(32.29) 27(28.13)
微钙化 178(31.79) 184(44.34) 31(32.29)
粗大钙化 102(18.21) 97(23.37) 38(39.58)
CDFI血流分级[例(%)] χ2=50.541 <0.001
0级 153(27.32) 80(19.28) 13(13.54)
1级 270(48.21) 179(43.13) 33(34.38)
2级 82(14.64) 69(16.63) 20(20.83)
3级 55(9.83) 87(20.96) 30(31.25)
甲状腺功能(
x¯±s
T4(nmol/L) 104.82±19.62 104.97±21.91 104.87±20.41 F=0.009 0.992
T3(nmol/L) 1.34±0.27 1.38±0.33 1.36±0.45 F=2.463 0.086
TSH(mIU/L) 2.12±1.35 2.55±3.59 2.30±2.50 F=3.262 0.039
FT3(pmol/L) 4.59±0.59 4.64±0.62 4.62±0.61 F=1.133 0.323
FT4(pmol/L) 11.32±4.69 10.99±1.84 11.14±3.63 F=1.409 0.245
表2 原发性甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移预测因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
表3 原发性甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移预测因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
图1 55岁男性患者甲状腺左叶11.5 mm×7.0 mm低回声结节,超声表现为结节横径<20 mm(图a),结节纵径<10 mm(图b)。病理诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌(左侧),颈侧区淋巴结未见转移(左侧)
图2 33岁女性患者甲状腺右叶10.1 mm×11.2 mm低回声结节,超声表现为结节横径<20 mm(图a),结节纵径≥10 mm(图b)。病理诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌(右侧),颈侧区淋巴结见转移(右侧)
图3 预测原发性甲状腺乳头状癌患者中央区(图a)和颈侧区(图b)淋巴结转移风险的列线图 注:CDFI为彩色多普勒血流成像
图4 列线图对原发性甲状腺乳头状癌颈部中央区(图a)和颈侧区(图b)淋巴结转移的预测效能的受试者操作特征曲线 注:CDFI为彩色多普勒血流成像
表4 列线图模型预测原发性甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移的效能
表5 列线图模型预测原发性甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移的效能
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