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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2018, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (08) : 587 -592. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2018.08.005

所属专题: 文献

妇产科超声影像学

胎儿超声微小异常的产前遗传学分析
欧阳云淑1, 戚庆炜2, 张一休1, 武玺宁1, 姜玉新1, 赵大春3, 孟华1,()   
  1. 1. 100730 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院 北京协和医院超声科
    2. 100730 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院 北京协和医院妇产科
    3. 100730 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院 北京协和医院病理科
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-17 出版日期:2018-08-01
  • 通信作者: 孟华
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划(2014BAI06B00)

Prenatal genetic analysis of fetal minor abnormalities on ultrasound

Yunshu Ouyang1, Qingwei Qi2, Yixiu Zhang1, Xining Wu1, Yuxin Jiang1, Dachun Zhao3, Hua Meng1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
    2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
    3. Department of Pathology Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2018-03-17 Published:2018-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Hua Meng
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Meng Hua, Email:
引用本文:

欧阳云淑, 戚庆炜, 张一休, 武玺宁, 姜玉新, 赵大春, 孟华. 胎儿超声微小异常的产前遗传学分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2018, 15(08): 587-592.

Yunshu Ouyang, Qingwei Qi, Yixiu Zhang, Xining Wu, Yuxin Jiang, Dachun Zhao, Hua Meng. Prenatal genetic analysis of fetal minor abnormalities on ultrasound[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2018, 15(08): 587-592.

目的

探讨胎儿微小异常的产前超声表现及遗传咨询要点。

方法

对2014年至2017年在北京协和医院经超声检查发现微小异常、核型分析正常但染色体微阵列分析显示拷贝数变异的胎儿17例,综合产前超声表现、遗传学检查结果、病理检查结果或出生后表现进行回顾分析。

结果

超声检查显示不同种类和数目的微小异常,10例为单发异常,其余7例为多发异常。17例主要超声表现:测值小于孕周(7例)、脉络丛囊肿(2例)、心室强回声(1例)、肠管增宽或回声增强(4例)、肾盂增宽(2例)、侧脑室增宽(2例)、单脐动脉(2例)、永存右脐静脉(2例)、永存左上腔静脉(1例)、鼻骨缺失(4例)、手异常(3例)、足异常(1例)、羊水量异常(2例)及脐带异常(1例)。17例胎儿均进行了遗传学检查,核型分析及快速荧光原位杂交检测正常,通过染色体微阵列分析(CMA)检出不同片段大小的拷贝数变异,7例(41.18%)为致病性拷贝数变异,10例(58.82%)为意义不明的拷贝数变异(VOUS)。参考胎儿父母CMA诊断结果对10例VOUS进行了解释和区分,4例为偏致病性(VOUS-LP),3例为偏良性(VOUS-LB),3例意义不明确(VOUS-unknown)。经产前咨询后9例孕妇选择继续妊娠,胎儿出生后1例显示并趾及喂养困难,其余8例均生长发育正常;8例孕妇选择终止妊娠,其中2例引产胎儿行病理检查。

结论

产前超声筛查未发现重大结构异常、但发现胎儿微小异常时应积极进行随诊,并行遗传学检查。与传统核型分析比较,CMA更有助于早期检出少见遗传学异常,为产前诊断和预后评估提供重要参考信息。

Objective

To investigate the sonographic diagnosis and genetic counseling of fetal minorabnormalities.

Methods

Cases of fetal minorabnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound in our hospital were Peking union Medical College Hospital between 2014 and 2017 enrolled in this retrospective study. The results of ultrasonography, genetic testing, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Seventeen fetuses with minorabnormalities were detected by ultrasound, among which 10 cases showed the isolated finding, 2 cases showed two findings, and 5 cases showed more than three findings. Abnormal ultrasound findings were as follows: fetal biometry small for gestational age in 7 cases, choroid plexus cysts in 2, echogenic intracardiac focus in 1, echogenic bowel in 4, pyelestasis in 2, mild ventriculomegaly in 2, single umbilical artery in 2, persistent right umbilical vein in 2, persistent left superior vena cava in 1, absent nasal bone in 4, hand anomalies in 3, foot anomaly in 1, abnormal amniotic fluid in 2, and umbilical cord abnormalities in 1. All cases underwent the genetic analysis including karyotype, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). All of them showed normal results in karyotype and FISH, but CMA identified different copy number variants (CNVs). Seven cases had pathogenic CNVs, and 10 cases had variants of uncertain significance (VOUS), including 4 with VOUS-likely pathogenic, 3 with VOUS-likely benign, and 3 with VOUS-unknown. After counseling 9 cases chose to continue the pregnancy and the remaining 8 cases chose to terminate the pregnancy.

Conclusions

Careful examination and follow-up should be recommended in fetal minor abnormalitieson ultrasound. Prenatal genetic analysis could be recommended in such cases. Compared with traditional karyotyping, CMA could provide more information related with the prognosis of the fetuses, and prenatal counseling should be based on CMA results combined with ultrasound findings.

图1~6 超声检出胎儿微小异常产前超声声像图。图1孕22周胎儿,右侧腹局部肠管增宽2.6 cm×0.9 cm;图2孕27周胎儿,右侧腹局部肠管增宽3.1 cm×0.9 cm;图3孕25周胎儿,右侧鼻骨缺失(箭头);图4孕25周胎儿,左侧鼻骨发育不良,长0.45 cm;图5孕23周胎儿,鼻前组织增厚(0.66 cm),颜面轮廓扁平;图6孕23周胎儿,脐带增粗,内见无回声
表1 17例胎儿临床检查、超声表现、遗传学及病理检查结果
孕妇年龄(岁) 孕周(周) 产前超声异常表现 染色体微阵列分析结果性质 病理检查或出生后表现
32 22.6 股骨长径、肱骨长径小;小脑横径小;双手握拳;脐带无回声;羊水多。随诊:长骨短小加重;颜面扁平;羊水正常 病理性 病理:颜面扁平;双手握拳;1度唇裂;脐带囊肿
30 22.4 双顶径、头围小;单脐动脉;永存右脐静脉;永存左上腔静脉;双手屈曲指 病理性 病理:额部扁平;手指部分重叠;通贯手;肛门闭锁
28 23.5 双顶径、头围、腹围、股骨长径小;单脐动脉;肠管回声增强;羊水少 意义不明的拷贝数变异:未知 引产,未查病理
21 24.6 右足内翻;双侧侧脑室增宽;双侧肾盂增宽。随诊:双手部分手指增粗;右足内翻 病理性 引产,未查病理
37 25.1 股骨长径小。随诊:股骨长径、腹围小 病理性 出生后:双足2、3趾并趾;喂养困难
33 22.1 股骨长径、肱骨长径小,随诊时加重 病理性 引产,外生殖器异常(不详),未行病理检查
30 22.4 双顶径、肱骨长径小,随诊时加重 意义不明的拷贝数变异:未知 出生后未见明显异常
34 22.1 肱骨长径小 不明意义的拷贝数变异:偏致病性 引产,未查病理
30 23.8 局部肠管增宽,随诊时范围增大 病理性 引产,未查病理
32 25.6 双侧肾盂分离;肠管回声增强 病理性 引产,未查病理
26 23.9 双侧脉络丛囊肿,双侧侧脑室宽。随诊:双侧脉络丛囊肿减小 不明意义的拷贝数变异:偏致病性 出生后未见明显异常
35 25.7 双侧脉络丛囊肿,心室强回声,永存右脐静脉,肠管回声增强。随诊:永存右脐静脉;肠管回声增强 不明意义的拷贝数变异:偏良性 出生后未见明显异常
44 30.1 单侧侧脑室增宽 不明意义的拷贝数变异:偏致病性 出生后未见明显异常
27 24.7 头围、腹围、股骨长径小;鼻骨一侧缺失、一侧短小 意义不明的拷贝数变异:未知 出生后未见明显异常
34 24.4 双侧鼻骨缺失 不明意义的拷贝数变异:偏良性 出生后未见明显异常
36 23.3 双侧鼻骨缺失 不明意义的拷贝数变异:偏良性 出生后未见明显异常
38 24.7 双侧鼻骨缺失 不明意义的拷贝数变异:偏致病性 出生后未见明显异常
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