分析黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的超声报告质量和误诊原因，探讨提高XGC超声诊断准确性的措施。

选取2015年1月至2020年3月北京协和医院病理诊断为XGC的患者，共51例，男性27例，女性24例，平均年龄（53.6±21.5）岁。分析其术前超声报告的描述分级、诊断分级及检查医师年资等资料。采用χ²检验比较不同年资检查医师超声描述分级和诊断分级的组间差异。

47例（92.2%）报告"描述完整"，4例（7.8%）"描述不完整"。40例（78.4%）超声诊断分级为"符合"，11例（21.6%）超声诊断结果"不符合"，其中9例（17.6%）误诊为胆囊恶性病变，2例（3.9%）误诊为胆囊腺肌症。51例超声检查医师包括初级职称28人，中级职称6人，高级职称17人。不同年资医师的超声描述分级和诊断分级比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。

术前超声诊断XGC比较困难，超声医师应熟悉声像图特征，必要时可通过会诊及超声造影、弹性成像等技术手段提高超声诊断质量。

To analyze the quality of ultrasound report and the causes of misdiagnosis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC), and to explore the measures to improve the ultrasound diagnosis accuracy of XGC.

From January 2015 to March 2020, the patients diagnosed with XGC by pathology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. There were 51 cases of XGC, including 27 males and 24 females, with an average age of 53.6±21.5 years. The description, diagnosis, and seniority of the examiner in the preoperative ultrasound report were analyzed. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the description grade and the diagnosis grade between different seniority groups.

Forty-seven (92.2%) cases had "complete description" and four (7.8%) had "incomplete description". The ultrasonic diagnosis results of 40 (78.4%) cases were classified as "consistent", and 11 (21.6%) classified as "inconsistent", among which 9 (17.6%) were misdiagnosed as malignant lesions of the gallbladder and 2 (3.9%) as adenomyosis of the gallbladder. Of the 51 ultrasound examiners involved, 28 had junior title, 6 had intermediate title, and 17 had senior title. There was no significant difference in ultrasonic description and diagnosis grades between examiners with different seniority (P>0.05).

It is difficult to diagnose XGC by ultrasound before operation. Ultrasound doctors should be familiar with the characteristics of ultrasound image. If necessary, they can improve the quality of ultrasound diagnosis by means of consultation and new ultrasonic technologies.