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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06) : 597 -604. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2021.06.010

头颈部超声影像学

颈动脉多普勒超声评估颈内动脉颅内段重度狭窄性疾病的应用价值
杨靖雯1, 惠品晶1,(), 丁亚芳1, 胡春洪2, 刘一之3   
  1. 1. 215006 苏州大学附属第一医院颈脑血管超声科
    2. 215006 苏州大学附属第一医院影像科
    3. 215006 苏州大学附属第一医院介入科
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-06 出版日期:2021-06-01
  • 通信作者: 惠品晶
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省干部保健科研项目(BJ17010); 苏州市民生科技关键技术应用研究(SS201859)

Diagnostic value of carotid Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of severe intracranial stenosis of the internal carotid artery

Jingwen Yang1, Pinjing Hui1(), Yafang Ding1, Chunhong Hu2, Yizhi Liu3   

  1. 1. Department of Carotid and Cerebralvascular Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
    2. Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
    3. Department of Intervention, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
  • Received:2020-07-06 Published:2021-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Pinjing Hui
引用本文:

杨靖雯, 惠品晶, 丁亚芳, 胡春洪, 刘一之. 颈动脉多普勒超声评估颈内动脉颅内段重度狭窄性疾病的应用价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2021, 18(06): 597-604.

Jingwen Yang, Pinjing Hui, Yafang Ding, Chunhong Hu, Yizhi Liu. Diagnostic value of carotid Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of severe intracranial stenosis of the internal carotid artery[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2021, 18(06): 597-604.

目的

探讨颈动脉多普勒超声(CDU)评估颈内动脉(ICA)颅内段重度狭窄性疾病的应用价值。

方法

回顾性连续纳入2018年1月至2019年12月于苏州大学附属第一医院卒中中心就诊,经CT血管造影(CTA)和(或)数字减影血管造影(DSA)证实的单侧ICA颅内段重度狭窄或闭塞、并行CDU检查的患者171例作为研究组;纳入同期就诊于苏州大学附属第一医院卒中中心,以头晕为主诉且经CTA和(或)DSA证实颅内、外大血管未见明显狭窄并行CDU检查的患者99例作为对照组。记录研究组与对照组双侧ICA距起始部20 mm处管径(D)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张期末流速(EDV)、血管阻力指数(RI),计算研究组与对照组双侧ICA的D、PSV、EDV及RI的差值。比较2组的ICA血流动力学参数。以CTA和(或)DSA诊断结果为金标准,应用Logistic回归及ROC曲线分析颅外段血流动力学各参数以及联合参数评估ICA颅内段重度狭窄性疾病的诊断价值。

结果

研究组171例患者中,109例CDU呈收缩峰升高、舒张峰降低的高阻型血流频谱,CTA和(或)DSA证实为ICA颅内段重度狭窄或于眼动脉分出之后闭塞;62例CDU呈舒张期血流信号消失或反向的单峰或振荡型血流频谱,CTA和(或)DSA证实为ICA于眼动脉分出之前闭塞。研究组患侧与健侧及对照组左侧相比,D、PSV、EDV均明显降低且以EDV最为明显[EDV:(11.89±6.95)cm/s vs(36.14±11.93)cm/s、(29.27±9.69)cm/s],而RI明显升高(0.81±0.06 vs 0.59±0.07、0.64±0.07),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001);研究组健侧与对照组左侧相比,D、PSV、EDV均升高且以EDV最为明显,而RI明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(D:P=0.029;PSV:P=0.011;EDV及RI:P均<0.001)。一侧ICA的RI≥0.74,双侧ICA的D差值≥1.1 mm、EDV差值≥15.7 cm/s、RI差值≥0.13是ICA颅内段重度狭窄性疾病的独立预测因素。4项指标联合应用的ROC曲线下面积为0.990,联合因子取0.692时为最佳临界值,其诊断ICA颅内段重度狭窄性疾病的敏感度为92.7%,特异度为98.0%。

结论

在结合经颅多普勒超声和(或)经颅彩色多普勒超声检查排除ICA主要分支(如大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉)重度狭窄或闭塞后,CDU可通过ICA颅外段双侧血流频谱形态及血流动力学参数即RI、双侧D差值、EDV差值、RI差值等,对ICA颅内段重度狭窄性疾病进行有效评估。

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic value of carotid Doppler ultrasound (CDU) in evaluating the hemodynamic changes of severe intracranial stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 171 patients who underwent CDU at Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University with severe intracranial stenosis or occlusion of unilateral ICA confirmed by CTA and/or DSA from January 2018 to December 2019 as a study group. Meanwhile, 99 patients who underwent CDU in the same period with dizziness as the main complaint and without obvious stenosis of intracranial and external large blood vessels (confirmed by CTA and/or DSA) were used as a control group. The diameter (D), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI) of the affected side, healthy side, and control sides of the study group at a distance of 20 mm from the beginning of ICA were recorded. Differences of D, PSV, EDV, and RI of bilateral ICA between the study group and control group were calculated. Using CTA and/or DSA as the gold standard, Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were used to analyze the parameters of extracranial hemodynamics and combined parameters to evaluate the diagnostic value of ICA for severe intracranial stenosis.

Results

In the study group, 109 of 171 patients showed high resistance flow spectrum with increased systolic peak and decreased diastolic peak. CTA and/or DSA confirmed ICA severe intracranial stenosis or occlusion after occlusion of the ophthalmic artery. The 62 CDU patients showed a diastolic or reversed unimodal or oscillating flow spectrum, and CTA and/or DSA confirmed ICA occlusion before occlusion of the ophthalmic artery. Compared with the healthy side of the study group and the left side of the control group, D, PSV, and EDV in the affected side of study group were significantly decreased, with EDV being most obvious [EDV: (11.89±6.95) cm/s vs (36.14±11.93) cm/s, (29.27±9.69) cm/s], while RI was significantly increased [(0.81±0.06) vs (0.59±0.07), (0.64±0.07)], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Compared with the left side of the control group, D, PSV, and EDV in the healthy side of study group were all increased, with EDV being most obvious, while RI was significantly decreased (D: P=0.029; PSV: P=0.011; EDV and RI: P<0.001).When combining RI ≥0.74 in the ICA on one side, D difference ≥1.1 mm, EDV difference ≥ 15.7cm/s, and RI difference ≥0.13 in the ICA on both sides, the area under the ROC curve was 0.990, and the sensitivity (92.7%) and specificity (98.0%) for diagnosing severe intracranial stenosis in the ICA were the best.

Conclusion

After severe stenosis or occlusion of major branches of the ICA (e.g, the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery) was excluded, CDU, in combination with TCD and/or TCCD, can effectively evaluate the severe intracranial stenosis of the ICA through the bilateral waveform and hemodynamic parameters of ICA extracranial segment, i.e, RI and differences of D, EDV, and RI, and provide a hemodynamic basis for clinical diagnosis.

表1 研究组(ICA颅内段重度狭窄或闭塞)与对照组基线特征比较
图1 一侧颈内动脉(ICA)颅内段重度狭窄患者的双侧ICA颅外段颈动脉多普勒超声(CDU)及CT血管造影(CTA)图像。图a为患侧ICA颅外段CDU图像,显示收缩期峰值流速(PSV)50.6 cm/s,舒张期末流速(EDV)14.9 cm/s,血管阻力指数(RI)0.71;图b为健侧ICA颅外段CDU图像,显示PSV 77.8 cm/s,EDV 34.6 cm/s,RI 0.56;图c为患侧ICA颅外段超声二维图像,示患侧ICA颅外段血管管径为4.38 mm;图d为CTA影像,示一侧ICA颅内段重度狭窄(白色箭头所示)
图2 一侧颈内动脉(ICA)颅内段于眼动脉分出之后闭塞患者的双侧ICA颅外段颈动脉多普勒超声(CDU)及数字减影血管造影(DSA)图像。图a为患侧ICA颅外段CDU图像,显示收缩期峰值流速(PSV)24.3 cm/s,舒张期末流速(EDV)6.5 cm/s,血管阻力指数(RI)0.73;图b为健侧ICA颅外段CDU图像,显示PSV 116 cm/s,EDV 48.6 cm/s,RI 0.58;图c为患侧ICA颅外段CDU图像,示患侧ICA颅外段血管管径为4.01 mm;图d为DSA影像,示一侧ICA于眼动脉(黑色箭头所示)分出之后闭塞(白色箭头所示)
图3 一侧颈内动脉(ICA)颅内段于眼动脉分出之前闭塞患者的双侧ICA颅外段颈动脉多普勒超声(CDU)及数字减影血管造影(DSA)图像。图a为患侧ICA颅外段CDU图像,显示为振荡型血流频谱;图b为健侧ICA颅外段CDU图像,显示PSV 112 cm/s,EDV 47.3 cm/s,RI 0.58;图c为患侧ICA颅外段CDU图像,示患侧ICA颅外段血管管径为3.52 mm;图d为CTA影像,示一侧ICA于眼动脉分出之前闭塞(白色箭头所示)
表2 对照组双侧ICA颅外段血流动力学参数比较(
xˉ
±s
表3 研究组(ICA颅内段重度狭窄或闭塞)与对照组ICA颅外段血流动力学参数比较(
xˉ
±s
图4 不同颈内动脉颅外段血流动力学参数评估颈内动脉颅内段重度狭窄性病变的ROC曲线
表4 ICA颅外段血流动力学参数评估ICA颅内段重度狭窄性疾病的ROC曲线结果
表5 ICA颅内段重度狭窄性疾病的多因素Logistic回归分析
图5 颈内动脉颅外段血流动力学多参数联合应用评估颈内动脉颅内段重度狭窄性病变的ROC曲线
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