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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (10) : 1058 -1064. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2022.10.007

妇产科超声影像学

先天性阴道斜隔综合征临床特征及影像学诊断价值的初步研究
孝梦甦1, 戴晴1,(), 齐振红1   
  1. 1. 100730 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院超声医学科 协和转化医学中心
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30 出版日期:2022-10-01
  • 通信作者: 戴晴
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82171967)

Congenital vaginal oblique septum syndrome: clinical features and diagnostic value of imaging examinations

Mengsu Xiao1, Qing Dai1,(), Zhenhong Qi1   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Union Translational Medicine Center, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2022-06-30 Published:2022-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Qing Dai
引用本文:

孝梦甦, 戴晴, 齐振红. 先天性阴道斜隔综合征临床特征及影像学诊断价值的初步研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2022, 19(10): 1058-1064.

Mengsu Xiao, Qing Dai, Zhenhong Qi. Congenital vaginal oblique septum syndrome: clinical features and diagnostic value of imaging examinations[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2022, 19(10): 1058-1064.

目的

探讨先天性阴道斜隔综合征(OVSS)临床特征及影像学诊断价值。

方法

回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年4月在北京协和医院手术的102例OVSS患者的临床及影像资料,以手术及病理结果为诊断标准,总结分析不同类型OVSS的临床特征及超声和MRI诊断结果。

结果

102例OVSS患者中,Ⅰ型30例,Ⅱ型43例,Ⅲ型15例,Ⅳ型14例。Ⅰ型的发病年龄及初潮至发病时间间隔均显著小于其他3种类型(P均<0.05)。痛经及腹痛在Ⅰ型(83.33%)及Ⅳ型(100.00%)的发生率明显高于Ⅱ型(44.19%)及Ⅲ型(40.00%),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。月经淋漓不尽在Ⅲ型(46.67%)的发生率明显高于Ⅰ型(10.00%)及Ⅳ型(0),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。阴道脓性分泌物在Ⅱ型(25.58%)的发生率明显高于Ⅰ型(0),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。右侧阴道斜隔56例(56/102,54.90%),均合并右肾缺如(54.90%);左侧阴道斜隔46例(46/102,45.1%),伴有左肾缺如43例(42.16%),左肾发育不良1例(0.98%)。102例患者均进行了超声检查,超声正确诊断双子宫双宫颈92例,正确诊断完全型纵隔子宫7例,超声诊断与手术符合率为97.06%(99/102)。82例进行了MRI检查,MRI正确诊断双子宫72例,正确诊断完全型纵隔子宫5例,MRI诊断与手术符合率为93.90%(77/82)。所有102例均进行了阴道斜隔切除术治疗,其中55.88%(57/102)进行了腹腔镜探查联合阴道斜隔切除术,19.61%(20/102)切除患侧子宫。Ⅳ型卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的发生率显著高于Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型(P均<0.05)。Ⅳ型采用的腹腔镜探查联合阴道斜隔切除术及患侧子宫切除术明显多于其他3型(P均<0.05)。

结论

不同分型的OVSS临床特征有所不同,超声与MRI均可较好地早期诊断OVSS及其并发症,为手术方案的选择提供重要信息。

Objective

To explore the clinical features of congenital vaginal oblique septum syndrome (OVSS) and assess the value of imaging examinations in the diagnosis of this disease.

Methods

The clinical and imaging data of 102 patients with OVSS who underwent surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics of OVSS were summarized, and the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for different types of OVSS was assessed by using surgical and pathological results as the diagnostic criteria.

Results

Of 102 cases of OVSS included, 30 were type Ⅰ, 43 were type Ⅱ, 15 were type Ⅲ , and 14 were type Ⅳ. The onset age and time interval from menarche to onset of type Ⅰ were significantly lower than those of the other three types (P<0.05 for all). The incidence of dysmenorrhea and abdominal pain in type Ⅰ (83.33%) and type Ⅳ (100%) was significantly higher than that in type Ⅱ (44.19%) and type Ⅲ (40.00%) (P<0.05 for all). The incidence of prolonged menstrual duration in type Ⅲ (46.67%) was significantly higher than that in type Ⅰ (10.00%) and type Ⅳ (0) (P<0.05 for both). The incidence of purulent vaginal secretions in type Ⅱ (25.58%) was significantly higher than that in type Ⅰ (0) (P<0.05). There were 56 cases (56/102, 54.90%) of right vaginal oblique septum, and all cases were complicated with absence of the right kidney (54.90%). There were 46 cases (46/102, 45.1%) of left vaginal oblique septum; 43 cases (42.16%) had absence of the left kidney, and 1 case (0.98%) had left renal dysplasia. All of the 102 patients underwent ultrasound examination; 92 cases were correctly diagnosed as having uterus duplex and double cervix, and 7 were correctly diagnosed as having complete septate uterus. The coincidence rate between ultrasound diagnosis and operation was 97.06% (99/102). Eighty-two patients underwent MRI examination, of which 72 were correctly diagnosed with uterus duplex, and 5 were correctly diagnosed with complete septate uterus. The coincidence rate of MRI diagnosis and operation was 93.90% (77/82). All of the 102 patients underwent vaginal septum resection, of which 55.88% (57/102) underwent laparoscopic exploration combined with vaginal septum resection, and 19.61% (20/102) underwent hysterectomy on the affected side. The incidence of ovarian endometriosis cyst in type Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ (P<0.05 for both). Laparoscopic exploration combined with vaginal septum resection and hysterectomy was significantly more commonly used in type Ⅳ than in other 3 types (P<0.05 for all).

Conclusion

Different types of OVSS have different clinical characteristics. Ultrasound and MRI can be used for early diagnosis of OVSS and its complications, which can provide important information for the formulation of surgical plan.

图1 患者, 女性, 20 岁,因阴道脓性分泌物就诊。图a~d 为超声图像显示双子宫双宫颈,图a 为左侧子宫,图b 为右侧子宫,图c 为双宫颈伴右侧宫颈积液,内透声差(箭头所示),图d 为右肾缺如,左肾代偿性增大,超声诊断为阴道斜隔综合征;图e~f 为MRI图像显示双子宫双宫颈,图e 为双子宫长轴切面,图f 为双子宫短轴切面;图g 为手术所见,患者进行了腹腔镜探查联合阴道闭锁切开术,腹腔镜下显示双子宫,诊断为Ⅱ型阴道斜隔综合征注:L-UT 为左侧子宫;R-UT为右侧子宫;E 为子宫内膜;L-CX为左侧宫颈;R-CX为右侧宫颈;LK为左肾
图2 阴道斜隔综合征二维超声图像(患者,女性,11岁)。图a示双子宫之左侧子宫宫腔、宫颈、阴道内积血;图b示阴道内斜隔,厚0.26 cm
图3 阴道斜隔综合征二维超声图像(患者,女性,14岁,因下腹痛就诊)。图a示左肾窝未见肾脏,左肾缺如;图b示左侧子宫宫腔积血;图c示左侧宫颈积血,右侧宫颈未见积血;图d示阴道左侧隔后腔积血;图e示右侧子宫宫腔未见积血注:R-UT为右侧子宫; L-CX为左侧宫颈;R-CX为右侧宫颈
表1 阴道斜隔综合征4种分型的临床特征比较 [例(%)]
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